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Most efforts to improve tuberculosis treatment adherence target the patient and his or her behavior. This study examined the effects of behavioral modification training for these patients. Based on Bandura's behavioral principles of modeling, intervention strategies using a video program were devised to elicit specific patient target behaviors considered to improve patients' adher ence to tuberculosis treatment regimens. A random assignment, two-group (experimental group and control group) research design including 81 subjects was used. The main outcomes measured were pill taking measured with the Medication Event Monitaring System(MEMS) Medication Cap, patients' self-efficacy, and their knowledge of tuberculosis. The findings are as follows: 1) There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in patients' feelings of self-efficacy. That is, the patients who received the behavior modification program showed greater feeling of self-efficacy to initiate and change their behavior for the tuberculosis treatment regimen than the patients who did not receive the program(t=3.51, p=0. 01). 2) There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in patients' knowledge of tuberculosis. That is, the patients who received the behavior modification program showed higher level of knowledge of tuberculosis than the patients who did not receive the program(t=2.15, p=0.03). 3) There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment regimens. That is, the patients who received the behavior modification program showed greater adherence to the treatment regimens than the patients who did not receive the program(t=5.11, P=0.00). The study findings provided useful insights into nursing practice, particularly in planning intervention strategies aimed at enhancing patients' adherence in tuberculosis that may also be relevant to other chronic diseases with patient adherence problems.

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The Study of the Development of Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program and it's Effect for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patients. This study was conducted to develop on Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program (EEPP) based on the Self-Efficacy Theory of Bandura for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patient(CSCIP), and invesgated it's effects. The research process of this study was done in three phases. The first phase was an analysis of the patient's life experience. The second phase was to develop an Efficacy Expectation Promoting VTR Tape Program(EEPP) that reflected the life experience of the CSCIPs. EEPP was composed Performance Accomplishment and Vicarious Experience with a home visitation program based on Verbal Persuation, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation of Bandura. The third phase was an experimental stage. The experimental design was an AB Single Experimental Design. Research subjects were three CSCIPs(cer-vical area 5-7). The data was collected from 24th June to 22th Oct, 1995. The result of the experimentation showed great increase self-efficacy score, subject self-care score, all competence of daily living score, and social activities. In conclusion, it was found that an EEPP is an effective home nursing intervention technique for rehabilitation of CSCIPs.

Recently, the ratio of elderly in the population are fastly growing due to socio-economical development and the better medical service. Proportionally, the health problems in elderly are increasing, too. Medical professionals must try so that the elderly have the better life through health promotion and disease prevention as well as disease treatment. This study evaluated the effect of walking exercise program on the cardiorespiratory function and the flexibility in the elderly women. The design of research was one group pretest -posttest design. The subjects were eleven elderly women over sixty years old to live in K-city, Kyonggi-do. The type of exercise was walking, which was the most popular exercise in questionnaire. The exercise intensity was 40%~60% of the target heart-rate by Karvonen's method and maintained by the heart-rate monitor. The exercise period was five weeks and the exercise frequency was three times per week. The exercise duration was forty minites at first and gradually increased up to a hour. In order to evaluate the effect of walking exercise, we measured VO2 max, resting heart-rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, FVC, FEV1, the flexibility before and after the five week's exercise program. The data are analyzed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test using SAS package. The results are as follows: 1) The hypothesis that cardiorespiratory function will be improved was partly supported. In VO2 max(p=0.0001), resting heart-rate(p=0. 0030), systolic/diastolic blood-pressure (p=0.0387/p=0.0024), there was significant difference. FVC and FEV1 were increased after the exercise, but there were no significant difference. 2) The hypothesis that the flexibility will be improved was supported. There was significant difference in the flexibility (p=0.0140). As the further study, it is necessary to reevaluate the effect with more refined design. We also need to try meta-analysis about the results of previous studies obtained in the experimental setting and compare our result obtained in the field setting with them.

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• 여성 노인과 여가 스포츠
  재윤 배
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• Effect of a Home-based Exercise Program on Elderly Women’s Health
  Hyo-Lyun Roh, Dae-Hee Lee
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2012; 24(5): 449.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy on Physical Functions in the Elderly
  Sook Hee Jung, Kyung Hee Chung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 252.     CrossRef

The clinical practice program for home care nurses was implemented in June 1994, to help to set up a hospital-based home care system in the Kwangju City area as a collaborative work between the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Chunnam University Hospital and Chunnam University School of Nursing. Under the developed clinical practice strategy, the eight week training was given to five licensed home care nurses who had completed Part I and II of the home health care nursing practicum from June 1994. The purpose of this descriptive evaluation study was to identify the effectiveness of the clinical practice program for home care nurses specialized in the area of patient care for people with musculoskeletal function impairment. As a method in data analysis, data triangulation was used in the five home care nurse case evaluations. The variety of data analyzed included confidence score by home care nurse self-evaluation, patient and family member satisfaction scores, and competency score by preceptor evaluation. The study findings revealed that an increase rate in nursing performance didrate necessarily coincide with an increase not in competency score and also, not with the patient/family member satisfaction scores. And an order derived from the clinical performance scores of five home care nurses corresponded to those from three measurements-competency score, patient satisfaction score, and family member satisfaction score. However, it differed from the order associated with the confidence score. Consistency derived from the three objective evaluation methods may lead to the possibility that the level of competency measured by educator can be further explained by the levels of patient/family member satisfaction. The salient finding of this study was that, in case of nurse A who had had little clinical experience in the orthopedic patient care, there was a significant increase in the level of confidence and competency in subscale of professional skill with the home care clinical practice. Therefore, the effect of the clinical practice program would be successful for nurses who have had little experience in the area of specialization. The study results suggest that there might be some time difference in the development of cognitive sense (confidence) in performance and actual clinical performance (competency). In future research, relationships between the confidence and competency score, and between the confidence score and the patient satisfaction score should to be measured in different time frame to achieve a better explanation power of the study outcome.

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between a preoperative video program as nursing intervention and the perception of postoperative pain. The subjects consisted of an experimental group of 17 children and a control group of 13 children, for a total of 30 patients who were admitted the ENT Department for tonsilectomies. Data were collected from August 1, 1993 to September 31. The video program was made by the pediatric operating theater nursing staff. Postoperative pain was measured using the Face Pain Rating Scales devised by Beyer in 1984. The data were analyzed by a SPSS using frequencies, means, percentages, t-test and ANOVA to analyze the variables and demographic characteristics. The results of this study are as follows: The hypothesis, "Score of the experimental group which was shown the preoperative video program as a nursing intervention will be lower than the control group which did not see the video in postoperative pain perception." was rejected by t= -.42, p>.05. No significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group according demographic characteristics. From the above findings, this study suggests the following: 1. Further studies as randomized control-group pretest-posttest design are needed to control the extraneous variables. 2. A review will be suggested to be done by the preoperative video program as nursing intervention and an exploration to improve preoperative nursing care for pediatric patients with the inclusion such activities as preoperative visiting, operation theater tour etc.

PURPOSE: The purpose of study is to develop a home nursing care project model suitable for Korea's heath care system and policy directions for expansion and establishment of home nursing care. METHOD: The first, status of home nursing care program in medical institution and public health center was evaluated respectively in view of structure, process and performance. And then, issues of the program were analyzed in view of accessibility, safety, and sufficient supply. The second, demand projection of home nursing care according to income level and technical level of service that is needed to the subject was tried. In addition, the level of supply for home nursing care at present was estimated. The third, home nursing care program in advanced countries (Japan and U.S.A.) was examined. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Community-based home nursing care program is developed into public-operation model and private-operation model from above the sub-subject result. Functional network for referral system among related institutions is built up to meet various needs, regardless of accessibility to distance and economy. And prior settlements and policy directions for expansion and establishment of home nursing care are suggested.

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• An analysis on performance of visiting health care services by general characteristics of visiting nurse in public health center
  Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(12): 381.     CrossRef
• An Economic Evaluation of the Home Nursing Care Services: Public Health Center Versus Private Hospital
  Jinhyun Kim, In Sook Lee, Mee Kyoung Joo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(4): 409.     CrossRef
• Developing an Electronic Nursing Record System for Clinical Care and Nursing Effectiveness Research in a Korean Home Healthcare Setting
  EUN JOO LEE, MIKYOUNG LEE, SUE MOORHEAD
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2009; 27(4): 234.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of the Dan-Jun Breathing Exercise Program on pulmonary function and psychological health promotion of women in midlife. METHOD: Experimental group(20) was matched to control group(20) according to age, education, religion and marital status. The Dan-Jun Breathing Exercise Program was carried out for 80 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. FVC and FEV1.0/FVC(%) were measured by using the Health Management System developed by the Korean Physical Science Institution. The scores of depression, anxiety and hostility were measured by the Korean Manual of Symptoms-Checklist -90 revision. RESULT: 1) FVC of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, FEV1.0/FVC(%) was not higher than that of the control group. 2) The scores for depression, anxiety and hostility in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group. 3) FVC of 6 weeks and 12 weeks experiment in the experimental group was higher than that of pre-experimental group. CONCLUSION: The Dan-Jun Breathing Exercise Program promotes the Pulmonary function and psychological health of women in midlife.

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• Research Trend on Aromatherapy for Korean Middle-aged Women
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  Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2017; 15(1): 113.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the process & outcome of a Health promotion program(Growing Younger & More Active) for the community resident older adults from March to December, 2001. METHOD: A quasi experimental research(one group pretest-posttest design) was used in this study. The subjects were 82 older adults(but 40 older adults 4 weeks after the program). Program had 5 sessions(10 hours) once a week. Data were collected before the program, immediately after & 4 weeks after the program and were analyzed with paired t-test. RESULT: The levels of Satisfaction, Interest & Understanding of the Program were high. Significant differences were found in health knowledge, health promoting behaviors, perceived health status and life satisfaction between before program and immediately after program as well as between before program and 4 weeks after program, but no significant differences in Health attitude. Self efficacy has significant difference only between before program and immediately after program , but no significant differences between before program and 4 weeks after the program. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that a Health promotion program for the community resident older adults developed this study is effective. So this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for the health promotion of the older adults living in community.

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• The Effects of a Health Management Program on Health-promoting Lifestyle and Depression in Older Adults Living at Home
  Young Rye Park, Yang Gyeong Yoo
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• The Effects of Exercise in the Frail Elderly
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• The Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Program on Mobility, Fall Efficacy, Balance, and Stress in the Elderly at Senior Centers
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• Effects of an Elder Health Promotion Program using the Strategy of Elder Health Leader Training in Senior Citizen Halls
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Recently the rate of adolescent smoking in Korea has increased rapidly, and various health problems related to smoking can be expected to increase in the future. Studies on smoking behavior report that assertiveness is important factor influencing on the adolescent smoking. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develope a educational video for the purpose of adolescent's smoking prevention. METHOD: The 533 participating subjects, 269 in experimental group and 264 control group, in the study were 7th grade students. The content of video introduces three smoke tempting situations. The experimental group received 17 minute video education, and the control group did not receive any treatments. RESULT: The results show that the student's assertiveness was increased significantly in the experimental group after the video education. Student's attitude on smoking became more negative in the experimental group. However, in the control group, the intention, assertiveness, attitude was not changed. CONCLUSION: This assertiveness video can be useful educational resource for the smoking prevention program for adolescents. Also further study on longitudinal effect and application on drinking, drug abuse are needed.

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• Effectiveness of a Secondhand Smoking Prevention Program on Adolescents
  Min Ah Park, Mi Ye Kim, Young Sun Ha
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(1): 44.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study was to evaluate an occupational health promotion program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. METHOD: This study employed a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre and post test to evaluate the program. The subjects of this study were 48 employees selected by convenience sampling who were suspected of having hypertension and hyperlipidemia in routine physical examinations and who were working in A University Hospital in Suwon. 25 subjects were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. Data collection was done using questionnaries before and after the subjects used the program. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that systolic blood pressure, ALT, gamma-GTP in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. There were significant differences between two groups in the percentage of 'irregularity of diet' and in health behavior compliance. There were significant differences between the two groups in the number of complaints of symptoms after using the program. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there were no obvious differences between the two groups in all areas, but this program had a positive effect on health behavior changes. It is expected that employees' lifestyles can be changed through continuous health promotion programs.

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• Effects of a Comprehensive Lifestyle Improvement Program for Middle-aged Women with Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease-related Risk Factors
  Mi-Kyoung Park, Jeong-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(2): 111.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Tailored Health Promotion Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged and Advanced-Age Bus Drivers
  Gyu-Seok Hwang, Jae-Wook Choi, Seoung-Hyung Choi, Seoung-Gil Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Chungsik Yoon
  Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2012; 24(1): 117.     CrossRef
• The Effects of a Worksite On-line Health Education Program on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Nutrient Intakes of Male Workers
  Ji-Yeon Kang, Sang-Woon Cho, Ji-Young Lee, Sook-Hee Sung, Yoo-Kyoung Park, Yun-Mi Paek, Tae-In Choi
  The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(1): 57.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation teaching program on knowledge level and compliance of health behavior for the patients with myocardial infarction.
METHOD
The subjects were 47 patients 23 were assigned to the experimental group and 24 were for the control. The cardiac rehabilitation teaching program is a individualized teaching program which was delivered to the experimental group during hospitalization period by present researcher. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys for knowledge level and compliance of health behavior from September 15, 1999 to December 31, 2000. The collected data was analyzed by using the SAS program.
RESULTS
1. With regard to the knowledge scores 1) The total knowledge level in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. 2) As to the knowledge domains, nature of disease, risk factors, diet, medication, exercise, and daily activities were significantly higher in score in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. With regard to the compliance of health behavior 1) The average compliance with good health behavior was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) As to the health behavior domains smoking cessation, diet, stress management, regular exercise, and other measures for lifestyle modification were significantly higher in score in the experimental group than in the control group. 3. The pre-treatment knowledge score was positively correlated to the post-treatment knowledge score and post-treatment knowledge score was positively correlated to the post-treatment compliance of health behaviors.
CONCLUSION
The above findings indicate that the cardiac rehabilitation teaching program for the experimental group was effective in increasing level of knowledge and improvement f compliance with good health behavior of patients with myocardial infarction.

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• Factors influencing health behavior practice in patients with coronary artery diseases
  Ho Gi Jung, Ya Ki Yang
  Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Video Program by Tablet PC on Anxiety, Vital Signs, Pain, and Knowledge Level among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  Hyun Hee Park, Gye Seon Jeong
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(2): 102.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Smart Program for Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (SP-PCI) on Disease-Related Knowledge, Health Behavior, and Quality of Life: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
  Jueun Lee, Haejung Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(6): 756.     CrossRef
• Effects of an Individualized Cardiac Rehabilitation Education Program on Knowledge about Coronary Artery Disease, Compliance of Sick Role, and Vascular Health Status in Patients of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  Kyung Sim Lee, Kyung Mi Sung
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2015; 18(2): 135.     CrossRef
• Development and Application of a Self-management Program based on Prothrombin INR Monitoring for Patients with Cardiac Valve Replacement
  Hyun Rye Jeon, Jeong Sook Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 554.     CrossRef
• The Analysis of Trends and Contents of Nursing Intervention Research for Stroke Patients in Korea
  Myung-Sun Hong, Hyun-Sook Jo, Young-Hee Yom, Geun-Myun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(1): 109.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Health Behavior Compliance of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
  Ji-Soon Kang, Hyun-Sook Kang, Eun-Kyoung Yun, Hyun-Rim Choi
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(2): 191.     CrossRef

This study was designed to analyze the nursing curricula in graduate programs and suggest the direction of future nursing curricula. Thirty-two nursing curricula for a master's degree and fifteen curricula for a doctoral degree from general graduate programs, fifteen nursing curricula for a master's degree from fifteen educational graduate programs, eight nursing curricula for master degree from eight out of twelve public health graduate programs, three nursing curricula for a master's degree from three administrative graduate programs, and four nursing curricula for a master's degree from four clinical nursing graduate programs, were analyzed. Consequently, It was hard to find a clear difference between the educational goals and objectives, the subjects open in nursing curricula for a master's degree and those for a doctoral degree of graduate programs. The educational graduate programs, public health graduate programs, administrative graduate programs, and clinical nursing graduate programs, each program showed ittle diffrent in each educational goal and objective. However, because the various kinds of subjects open in each program were not based on the core curricula, the quality of the nursing curricula need to be evaluated and develope the curricula to difference are the goal and objective. Accordingly, future studies need to be focused on developing core nursing curricula reflecting the characteristics of each graduate program.

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• Development of Caring as a Human Science: 50 Years of History of the Korean Society of Nursing Science
  Jeung-Im Kim, Eunyoung E Suh, Ju-Eun Song, YeoJin Im, Jin-Hee Park, Soyoung Yu, Sun Joo Jang, Da-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(3): 313.     CrossRef
• Study on Current Curriculum Analysis of Clinical Dental Hygiene for Dental Hygiene Students in Korea
  Yong-Keum Choi, Yang-Keum Han, Soo-Myoung Bae, Jin Kim, Hye-Jin Kim, Se-Youn Ahn, Kun-Ok Lim, Hee Jung Lim, Sun-Ok Jang, Yun-Jung Jang, Jin-Ah Jung, Hyun-Sun Jeon, Ji-Eun Park, Hyo-Jin Lee, Bo-Mi Shin
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2017; 17(6): 523.     CrossRef
• A Historical Trends of Doctoral Nursing Education in Korea
  Kasil Oh, Young Sook Park, Ja Hyung Lee, Kyong-Ok Oh, Yang Heui Ahn, Jiyoung Lim
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(1): 93.     CrossRef
• Quality of nursing doctoral education in Korea: towards policy development
  Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park, Minju Kim, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Yang‐Heui Ahn, Euisook Kim, Soon‐Nyoung Yun, Kwang‐Ja Lee
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2012; 68(7): 1494.     CrossRef

This research was performed to investigate the effectiveness of self-esteem promotion program(SEPP) to adolescents with minor delinquency on self-esteem and mental health. Samples of this study were 36 adolescents with signs of minor delinquency in the third grade of middle schools who reside in K city. Data analysis was conducted by chi-square test which tests the general homogeneity between the experiment group and the control group. To test hypothesis how SEPP affects on self-esteem, mental health, and delinquency, paired t-test was performed. The results were summarized as follow; 1. After the experimental treatment, self-esteem score was not statistically significant. 2. After the experimental treatment, mental health score was statistically significant. 3. After the experimental treatment, self reported delinquency score was statistically significant. As the result of this research, the SEPP increased the degree of mental health and decreased that of delinquency of the adolescents who committed minor delinquency. Self-esteem is difficult to be changed by itself in number for a short time, but there is potential effect, which can be expected the preceding changes of mental health and behavior of participants.

PURPOSE: This study was to developed to create a CD-ROM and an educational program for the prevention of sexual harassment and violence and to contribute to the perception and add to the coping of the victims of sexual harassment and violence as well as the child, parents, and teachers.
METHOD
The study's methods were literature reviews, surveys, and assessments of the negotiation process for educational needs of sexual harassed and abused children.
RESULT
The sexual harassment and violence prevention program will contain four subjects : 1) sexual development of a preschool child, 2) characteristics of sexual harassment and violence of a preschool child, 3) safe sex, early detection of sexual violence syndrome, and coping strategies. The CD-RON was composed from three sites. The first was a child site, the second was a parent/teacher site, and the third was a game site for evaluations. The child site consisted of 10 possible scenarios of sexual harassment and violence that a child could experience. The parent/teacher site consisted of knowledge and information for prevention and coping strategies for sexual harassment and violence. At the end of each situation question and answer sections that were used for formative evaluation. Also, the game site could be a summative evaluation.
CONCLUSION
The effects of this program and the CD-ROM were based of the promotion of reverence for humanity and gender equality for preschool childen. Eventually, children, parents, and teachers will have prevention and coping ability that will reduce the occurrence of sexual harassment and violence in Korea.

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the rate of recovery from the consciousness impairment from two sessions of comprehensive consciousness stimulation program. Which was developed for this study, was higher than the one which was obtained naturally with only conventional care.
METHOD
The subjects were selected among the patients who were admitted in the Intensive Care Unit or in the Sub-Intensive Care Unit in one of the university hospital, located in Inchon. For the treatment of the deterioration of his/her consciousness level resulting from neurological causes.
RESULTS
The effect of the first intervention on consciousness state began to appear two weeks the intervention initiation and to disappear two weeks after the end of the intervention. The significant effect of the second session of the consciousness stimulation program also began to appear two weeks the second intervention initiation and persisted until 4 months after intervention was terminated.
CONCLUSION
It appeared that the first intervention effect had gradual onset and gradual decay, while the second intervention effect had gradual onset and permanent duration.

PURPOSE: This study aims at confirming exercise effects on obesity, mobility, self-efficacy, process of change, and decisional component by stage based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly. The stage based exercise intervention program was constructed based on Transtheoretical Model.
METHODS
The design of this study is nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The subjects of this study, composing of experimental group of 32 and control group of 28 were selected at one institution for the aged in Seoul.
RESULTS
1) The body fat (weight, BMI and circumference of waist), of the intervention group was significantly decreased than the control group. 2) The mobility of the intervention group was not significantly increased than control group. 3) The self-efficacy, Pros, Process of Change for exercise of the intervention group was not significantly increased than the control group. 4) The Cons for exercise of intervention group was not significantly decreased than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The above result have informed us that a stage-based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly has the effect of decreasing old persons' body fat and has value as an effective means of nursing for the elderly.

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It is known that a pulmonary rehabilitation program improves dyspnea and exercise tolerence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is also known that although it does not improve pulmonary function. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a 4 week pulmonary rehabilitation on pulmonary function, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The pulmonary rehabilitation programs included breathing exercises, such as pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, upper-limb exercises, and inspiratory muscle training. These activities were performed for 4 weeks in twenty one patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pre and post-rehabilitation pulmonary function and exercise capacities were compared after the 4 week period. Results are as follows: 1) Before the rehabilitation, the predicted value of FVC and FEV1 of the patients were 70.3+/-16.7% and 41.1+/-11.9% respectively. These pulmonary functions did not change after pulmonary rehabilitation. 2) Aloility of walking a 6 minute distance (325.29+/-122.24 vs 363.03+/-120.01 p=.01) and dyspnea (p=.00) were significantly improved after rehabilitation. Thus showing that pulmonary rehabilitation for 4 weeks can improve exercise performance and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a continuing nursing care program for cancer patients and the caregivers staying at their home and to test its effects on patients' symptom distress, caregiver burden, and satisfaction of life. The continuing nursing care program was based on the homecare needs of cancer patients, and was provided by three clinical nurses who took care of the patients while they were hospitalized. The program consisted of discharge education about selfcare using education materials(book and handout) and provisions of direct care. These were counselling and education during which visiting patients' home one week after discharge and telephone counseling two weeks after discharge. Counseling by telephone was always available during the research period. A quasi-experimental research design was used to test the effects of the program. Subjects for this study were 53 cancer patients discharged from the hospital and caregivers. These subjects were assigned to an experimental group (n=23) receiving continuous nursing care, or to a control group (n=30) not receiving continuous nursing care. Data from control group was collected first to protect from contamination. Data collection was done from October of 1998 to February of 2000. The collected data was analysed using mean, t-test, and chi-square test computed by SPSS software. The summary of results was as follows: 1) The symptom distress was a little decreased at posttest, but there were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group in symptom distress. 2) The score of caregiver burden was significantly decreased in experimental group at posttest, but no differences in control group. 3) There were no significant differences between the experimental and control group in the satisfaction of life. 4) The score of satisfaction of continuing nursing care program in experimental group at posttest was 2.321 of 3. In conclusion, even though this study did not obtain evidence of effectiveness of continuing nursing care program on patients, such as. It is still expected to be effective by a more improved program. Therefore we want to give some suggestions for further studies. 1) It is needed to make a communication channel with the patient's doctor to response promptly and appropriately to patient's conditions. 2) The research is necessary on patients in terminal stage or early stage of cancer diagnosis who have many nursing needs. 3) It is needed to readjust the roles and job assignment of clinical nurse to implement effectively as a program provider.

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• The study on developing the self care tool for the elderly cancer patient undergoing hemotherapy : Focusing on the effect of Health Monitoring Diary
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This study was conducted to identify the effects of a planned exercise program based on Bandura's self efficacy model on metabolism, and the exercise compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study design was a nonequivalent pre-test post-test control design. Thirty four type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic, were randomly sampled for this study. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen patients were assigned to the control group. In the experimental group, a planned exercise program is composed of an individualized exercise prescription for 12 weeks, an individual education, and even a telephone coach program. In the case of the control group, they were instructed to continue with their usual schedules. The data collection period was from March 1999 to February 2000 Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINDOW 10.0program. The results were as follows. 1. In the experimental group, the level of fasting blood sugar has significantly decreased from 188.20 mg/dl to 155.55 mg/dl after planned exercise program (F= 16.86, p=.000). For lipid metabolism, body fat per cutaneous decreased from 27.16% to 26.57% after planned exercise program. The score of self efficacy has increased from 64.20 to 66.65 after planned exercise program and it was statistically significant (F=4.850, p=.040) The functional vital capacity has increased from 3.28 liter to 3.37 liter and it was statistically significant(F=7.300, p=.020). 2. In an after effect of a planned exercise program, 35 percent of the subjects who participated in a planned exercise program continued to exercise for another six months. In conclusion, the planned exercise program can improve cardiopulmonary function, glucose, and lipid metabolism. This program was show a positive effect on the self efficacy and exercise compliance.

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Stress urinary incontinence is most common type in urinary incontinence. Most women had been suffering with stress urinary incontinence for more than a year in the community without seeking medical help. Under the assumption that stress urinary incontinence will be treated or improved by keeping PFM exercise with his/her continence confidence, this study was conducted. This study examined Continence self-efficacy effect on PFM exercise adherence. Subject were in 48 women aged 20 to 75 years with stress urinary incontinence and were recommended by their doctor to attempt PFM exercise as one treatment method.. Data were collected by self-administered report using Continence Self-Efficacy Scale, PFM exercise adherence check sheet. Telephone support was used as a method of CEIP to increase Continence self-efficacy. Continence self-efficacy score was higher in the intervention group than in control group (T=-3.23, P<.01), PFM exercise adherence was better in the intervention group than in control group (T=-4.03, P<.001). Through this research, it was also found that there were three types in attitude toward treatment; those who want to be treated completely, those who want to be relieved, and those who think urine loss is no problem. It can be concluded that to increase Continence self-efficacy was useful to the PFM exercise adherence of women with stress urinary incontinence.

The aims of this study were to identify the effects on sexual role identity and sexual attitude of the A-V programed sexual education on Oct. 1. 1997 through Sep. 30, 2000. The program was focused on the formation of the desirable sexual activity, attitude and androgyny sexual role identity of the Korean adolescents, and that was the 25 minute VTR media "Our sexuality is healthful". This study was non equivalent post-test only quasi-experimental design, and the subjects were 530 middle school boys in Busan, Korea. After the manipulation, the change of sexual role identity and sexual attitude was analysed. Outcome measures were middle school boys' sexual role identity toward KSRI on a seven-point Likert scale and sexual attitudes toward SAS on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analysed by SPSS WIN. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The experimental group who was exposed to the A-V media produced by the author showed the higher score of androgyny sexual role identity than the control group who didn't watch the A-V program. 2) The experimental group showed the higher rate of the androgyny than the control group, On the other hand, their rate of the masculinity turned out to be lower than the latter group. 3) The experimental group didn't show the difference of SAS score from the control group. In conclusion, "Our sexuality is Healthful" A-V program for sexual education brought about the significant change of sexual role identity of the middle school boys, but didn't affect their attitude toward sexual activity.

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  YOUNG-HEE YOM, LEE KYU EUN
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This study was conducted to identify a effect of the comprehensive self-regulation program for hypertensives as a nursing intervention on self-care performance and the physiologic parameters in rural areas. For this purpose, a nonequivalent control group and a pre and post-test quasi- experimental design was used. Fifty-four were evaluated subjects from two Community Health Practitioner Posts in the suburbs of Taejon City. The subjects of the control and experimental groups were matched for age and sex. The self-regulation program developed by author given to the experimental group. The program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care, self-regulation including the blood pressure self-monitoring, recording of self-care activities, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy. The whole program was carried out from September to November of 1999. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANCOVA, t-test, and ANCOVA. The results were as follows; There was significant improvement in the scores on knowledge (F=.68, P=.004), perceived self-efficacy (F=26.39, P=.000), self-care performance (F=26.11, P=.000) of the experimental group compared with those of the control group. There was no significant change on the score of locus of control, perceived benefits and perceived barrier, blood cholesterol level, body weight between two groups (P>.05). From these results, it can be concluded that the self-regulation program is an effective nursing strategy to promote self-care performance of hypertensives in rural area.

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• Effects of Self-management Program applying Dongsasub Training on Self-efficacy, Self-esteem, Self-management Behavior and Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension
  Myoungsuk Kim, Misoon Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 576.     CrossRef
• Effects of Individual and Group Education Programs on Coping and Self-care Behaviors in Cancer Patients
  Young Mi Kim, Won Ock Kim, Sang Sook Han
  Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2014; 20(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Prediction of Hypertension Complications Risk Using Classification Techniques
  Wonji Lee, Junghye Lee, Hyeseon Lee, Chi-Hyuck Jun, Il-Su Park, Sung-Hong Kang
  Industrial Engineering and Management Systems.2014; 13(4): 449.     CrossRef
• Effects of a community‐based intervention on cardio‐metabolic risk and self‐care behaviour in older adults with metabolic syndrome
  Chun‐Ja Kim, Jee‐Won Park, Hyung‐Ran Park
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2014; 20(2): 212.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Case Management Program for Hypertensive Patient
  Jung-Soon Chung, Sun-Ock Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(2): 321.     CrossRef
• Self-management programs based on the social cognitive theory for Koreans with chronic disease: A systematic review
  Yeonsoo Jang, Hyera Yoo
  Contemporary Nurse.2012; 40(2): 147.     CrossRef
• Self-Care Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms of Low-Income Elderly Women with Hypertension
  Ki Wol Sung, Mi Han Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 593.     CrossRef

This study was attempted to evaluate how the self efficacy promotion and exercise training program effect on the postoperative general conditions of transplant recipients after kidney transplantations. The subjects were selected randomly among the patients who underwent renal trans- plantations at three major transplantation hospitals in Seoul, Korea. This study was carried out between November 1999 and March 2000. The observed subjects in this study consisted of 56 patients. The exercise training group(n=16) received the self efficacy promotion and exercise training program for 12 weeks which contained general knowledge for compliance instruction, exercise training and self efficacy promotion education. The self efficacy group(n=18) received general knowledge for compliance instruction and self efficacy promotion education but no exercise training was given. The control group(n=22) were not offered any education. The knowledge for compliance, self efficacy, physical conditions(weight, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility), lab studies (hemoglobin, creatinine, cholesterol), activities of daily living and quality of life were evaluated 3 times, before the experiment, at 8 weeks and at 12 weeks. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, ANOVA and Scheff test. The results were as follows: 1. The knowledge and self efficacy score of the exercise training group and self efficacy group were significantly increased than those of the control group(p=.0001). 2. The weight of the exercise training group was significantly decreased compared to those of the self efficacy group and the control group(p=.0001). Muscle strength (grip strength, back lift strength), and flexibility of all 3 groups were significantly changed(p=.0001). However, muscle endurance in all 3 groups showed no significant differences. 3. The hemoglobin level of the exercise training group and the self efficacy group were significantly increased compared to that of the control group(p=.0001) and the cholesterol levels of the exercise training group and the self efficacy group were significantly decreased compared to that of the control group(p=,0001). However, the creatinine levels in all 3 groups showed no significant differences. 4. The activities of daily living scores of the exercise training group was significantly increased than that of the control group (p=.0003), and the quality of life scores of the exercise training group and the self efficacy group were significantly better than that of the control group(p=.0001). It would be expected that this self efficacy promotion and exercise training program could be applied widely as an effective nursing intervention for kidney transplant recipients.

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• Effects of Self-efficacy and Transplant-related Knowledge on Compliance with a Therapeutic Regimen for Recipients of Liver Transplant
  So Jung Moon, Hyun-Ju Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2019; 26(3): 166.     CrossRef
• A Study on Self-efficacy, Coping, and Compliance in Patients with Kidney Transplantation
  Jeong Lan Lee, Hyojung Park
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Development of a Comprehensive Self-Management Program Promoting Self Efficacy for Type 2 Diabetic Patients
  Ju-Young Park, Il-Sun Ko
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(1): 74.     CrossRef
• Exercise training for adults with chronic kidney disease
  Susanne Heiwe, Stefan H Jacobson
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This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss. word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study).

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• Improving cognitive and functional outcomes in rural older adults living with dementia through paper-and-pencil training
  Jung Mi Sook, Chung Eunyoung
  Geriatric Nursing.2026; 67: 103718.     CrossRef
• Application of a cognitive program with a comprehensive strategy feedback for Korean older adults
  Mi Kyeong Kim, Ji-Hyuk Park, Dae-Sung Han, Hae Yean Park
  Geriatric Nursing.2024; 55: 213.     CrossRef
• Simultaneous cognitive-physical dual task training based on fairy tales in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study
  Younkyoung Kim, Myeongjeong Chae, Hyunju Yang
  Geriatric Nursing.2021; 42(5): 1156.     CrossRef
• A Comparison of Memory Beliefs, Cognitive Activity, and Depression Among Healthy Older Adults, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease
  JongSik Park, Jooyeon Jamie Im, In-Uk Song, Yeonwook Kang
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2019; 23(1): 16.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Memory and Visual-Motor Integration Program for Older Adults Based on Self-Efficacy Theory
  Eun-Hwi Kim, Soon-Rim Suh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(3): 431.     CrossRef
• The Effects of a Cognitive Enhancement Group Training Program for Community-dwelling Elders
  Young Ran Han, Mi Sook Song, Ji Young Lim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 724.     CrossRef

This study was designed to develop a program for unemployed matriarchs and show if the program affected their view on the meaning in life. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs, which is being practiced in the 'Working Women Center' located in Busan. The researchers selected 44 persons from the group who agreed to our program. This study was done from the 10th of March, 1999 to the 9th of October. The researchers used the measurement tools, The Purpose in Life, Self-esteem, Hope and Meaning in Life which was composed of 63 items developed by them. Their Cronbach's alpha were .88, .79, .76 and .95. The researchers analyzed the data with frequency, percentage, Mean, S.D, Wilcoxon signed ranks test which were deduced from SPSS 10.0 WIN program. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The program is composed of 'becoming intimate', 'open-minded', 'exploration on self', 'relax of repressed emotion', 'self- acceptance', 'establishing the life-goal', 'enrichment of human relationship' and closing. It took 20 hours for this program to come into practice. 2) According to the analysis of the general traits of all subjects, average age was 39.36. High school graduates were 86%, college graduates were 14% and divorce were 57%, bereavement were 18%, and the rest were 25%. 3) The result of 1st progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 4) The result of 2nd progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 5) The result of 3rd progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life, creative meaning, and attitudinal meaning during the program was high. 6) The result of 4th progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life and creative meaning during the program was high. On the viewpoint of above results, we convinced that 'a program for unemployed matriarch is effective to establish a stronger meaning in life. Therefore, it is demanded that support for unemployed matriarchs should not only be economic help such as technical training and help of living expenses, but also psychological, professional and systematic support.

The purpose of this study was to suggest directions for developing a Health Promotion Program for the elderly in Korea for the future. For this, twenty previously developed & implemented health promotion programs were reviewed and analyzed in terms of target population of the program, components of the program, measurement variables for effects of program, the effects of the program. The results were as follows. 1. Most of the target populations were older adults living independently in the community. 2. Components of the program were health education, health assessment and counseling and exercise program. - Health education was done in most of programs. The topics of health education that were often included in the programs were life style changes, medical knowledge, independent living, the concept of health promotion and changes related to aging. - In health assessment and counseling, health professionals discovered their health problems through health assessment or health risk appraisal. Then they developed health recommendations on each health problem and encouraged the elderly to implement the recommendations. 3. Variables measuring the direct effects of the program were health behavior, knowledge, attitude, skill, use of medical/health reference book. Variables measuring the indirect effects, biometric outcome, health status, functional status, medical service utilization, medical cost and wellbeing. 4. The analysis showed that health education was effective for changing health behaviors, improving knowledge, skill and attitude in the elderly. Those results were suggested to be used as guidelines for developing a health promotion program for the elderly in Korea for the future.

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• Effects of a Health Promotion Program on Healthy Aging Preparation for Late Middle Aged Women
  Hee-Jung Choi, Soon-Rim Suh
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(5): 594.     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Health Promotion Program for the Elderly
  Mee Young Im, Young-Hee Mun
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2013; 27(2): 384.     CrossRef
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  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2003; 40(4): 375.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study is to develop self-efficacy promotion program and to test its effects on self-efficacy, self-care, physiologic index of hemodialysis patients after applying this program to them. Preliminary study was carried out to identify the levels and types of self-care, self-efficacy of hemodialysis patients. To develop self-efficacy promoting program, several discussions with nursing professors and nurse specialists on hemodialysis patients were made after in-depth literature review on the area. Through these processes, the self-efficacy promoting program including 20 minutes long videotape and other counciling documents were completed. This videotape consisted of specific self-care techniques for hemodialysis patients including management of fistula, measurement of blood presure and body weight, special diets, medications, exercise and rest, management of physical problems and social adjustment. Two group equivalent pre and post test quasai-experimental research design was used in this study. The total subjects were 34 hemodialysis patients who received hemodialysis three time per week at 1 university hospital. Seventeen experimental group subjects were matched with control group subjects in sex and age. Data were analysed with the SPSS window program. Homogeniety between experimental and control group pretest data was tested by 2 and t-test. There were no significanct differences in general characteristics, illness history, specific self-efficacy and self-care between the two groups. The differences of general self-efficacy of two groups were tested with the Repeated Measure ANCOVA because of significant differences of pretest data of general self efficacy between two groups. The differences of self-efficacy and self-care of two groups were tested with Repeated Measure ANOVA and the differences of physiologic indecies including blood potassium level and blood phosphorus level and interdialytic weight gain were tested by t-test. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in general self-efficacy between the two groups over four different time, and no interaction by groups and by time. 2. There was significant difference in specific self-efficacy between the two groups over four different time, and interaction by groups and by time. 3. There was significant difference in self-care between the two groups over four different time, and interaction by groups and by time. 4. There were no significant differences of blood potassium level and blood phosphorus level, but there was significant difference of interdialytic weight gain between the two groups. From the results above, it can be concluded that the self-efficacy promotion program for hemodialysis patients was effective to improve degree of specific self-efficacy and self-care and to decrease interdialytic weight gain. Considering results, the followings are recommended: 1) Repeated studies are needed for another hemodialysis patients. 2) This program can be used for improving degree of self-efficacy and self-care of hemodialysis patients by nurse practitioner and nurse educator.

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Every year the number of the elderly increases in Korea thanks to the improvement of social and economical levels and the development of medicine. However, many problems such as insufficent care and the isolation of the elderly have been commonplace. This trend exists not only because of increased lifespan but also the changing social structure of the nuclear family. Accordingly, inspite of the development of medicine, geriatric diseases including circulatory diseases are increasing in proportion of elderly population, as well as the severity. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that health care programs provide the best possible health care and functional capacities in terms of healthy elderly lifestyles. Especially, the phenomena of aging and geriatric diseases taking place with the elderly naturally are affected by lifestyle and the drastic changes in exercise patterns. This study aims to improve geriatric health by introducing a rhythmic movement program for the elderly to estabilish a health-promoting self-care system and by developing quality of life, perceived health status, their physical and physiological functions and emotional state. The theoretical framework used in this dissertation is derived from the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990), which integrates the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem, 1985), the interaction model of Client Health Behavior (Cox, 1982) and the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1987). As a quasi-experimental design, the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is utilized for this study. The subjects of this study consist of 64 people, over 65 years old who live in 2 nursing homes for the aged located in S city , Kyong-gi province and volunteered for this study from July, 12, 1999 to September, 17, 1999. They are divided into two groups: 33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The experimental group particpated in the Rhythmic Movement Program at the nursing home, which was comprised of 45 minutes a session, 5 sessions a week during 9 weeks. In order to measure the results of the Rhythmic Movement Program, aspects of perceived health status, balance, flexibility, grip strength, leg strength, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, anxiety and the quality of life were measured before and after participating in the Rhythimic Movement Program for the experimental group after 9 weeks, as well as the control group. The collected data were processed by SPSS PC+ and analyzed by the X2 test, t-test, ANCOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived health status conditions in the experimental group show statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (F=17.51, p=.000). 2. The physical and physiological functions, that is, balance (F=17.51, p=.000), flexibility (F=8.01, p=.006), grip strength (F=3.21, p=.018) and leg strength (F=25.78, p=.000) in the experimental group are higher than the control group. The vital signs, that is, the number of heart rate (F=.022, p=.884), systolic pressure (F=1.73 p=.193), and diastolic pressure (F=2.74, p=.103) in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased, but doesn't show statistically significant differences. Immune responses (F=5.13, p=.003) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group when compared to the control group. 3. The emotional state are improved, that is, degree of depression (F=11.56, p=.001) and degree of anxiety (F=9.14, p=.004) in the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases. 4. The quality of life in the experimental group (F=3.03, p=.037) showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group. 5. The observations of the relationships among the perceived health status, emotional state , the quality of life, the relationships between the perceived health status, the degree of depression (r=-.653, p=.000) and the degree of anxiety (r=-.786, p=.000) were in contrary propotions, while the relationships between the perceived health status and the quality of life (r=.234, p=.008) were in direct propotion. In conclusion, the Rhythmic Movement Program used in this study for geriatric nursing care is simple and safe for application to the elderly and shows significant effects by implementing 5 sessions a week for 9 weeks. The Rhythmic Movement Program improves the quality of life, maintains as well as improves the physical and physiological fuctions and emotional state, therefore this program is strongly recommended for positive applications for independant geriatric nursing health care.

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• The Effect of Dance Sports Program on Physical Function, Cognition, Depression and Quality of Life in Rural Elderly Women
  Yun-Hee An, Nam-Soo Hong, Hee-Jung Yoon
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• The Effects of Self-Care Intervention Programs for Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
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The purpose of this study was to develop the educational program based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura(1986) and to identify the effect of the program among women. For this purpose a non-equivalent control group, and a pretest- posttest design was used between the experimental and the control group. The subjects in this study were female and were over the age 40, 37 in the experimental group and 46 in the control group. In this study, the educational program was developed to increase the level of osteoporosis self efficacy and to prevent osteoporosis. The program consisted of watching, videotapes, telephone contact, lectures, and small group discussions. This study was conducted to determine whether the 6 month educational program would increase osteoporosis self- efficacy, thus modifying life styles related to osteoporosis increas BMD. The instruments utilized in this study were the Lifestyle Questionnaire, and the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale. Also, bone marrow density (BMD) on the left wrist was measured by DTX-200. The findings are as follows: 1. A significant decrease in BMD was observed in the control group. By contrast, no significant change in BMD was observed in the experimental group. 2. The Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy was not significantly changed in both the experimental and control groups. 3. In the experimental group, the number of exercise participants and their exercise times were significantly increased. Also the amount of caffeine intake was significantly decreased.

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  Young-Mi Chun, Sun-Hee Lee
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  Young Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Nah Mee Shin, Hyun Cheol Kang, Sun Haeng Kim, Tak Kim, Song I Jeon, In hae Cho
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  Health Care for Women International.2006; 27(3): 254.     CrossRef

This study was conducted to test whether a comprehensive health promotion program for rheumatoid arthritis (CHPRRA) affected patients' health promotion strategies and knowledge about the disease, thus leading to the improvement of health status by using repeated measure of quasi- experiment design. Eighteen RA patients who visited the RA clinic of an university hospital located in Inchon were invited to participate in the CHPPRA. According to the study results, it was shown that the CHPPRA had significant effects on the patients' health status such as pain, depression, and functional disability. Also, that the improvement of health status was achieved by a positive change in the four health promotion strategies, which consisted of goal setting, positive thinking, exercise, and knowledge about the disease. Goal setting, positive thinking, and knowledge about the disease could also affect the patients' depression. Thus it can be interpreted that the improvement of these strategies may result in a remarkable decrease of depression. In addition, alleviation of functional disability may be due to increase of exercise. However although the strategies which were directly associated with pain management were not significantly improved, pain was significantly reduced. On the other hand, the study result showed that the other health promotion strategies included in CHPPRA such as pain management, positive thinking, stress management, asking for assistance and communication were not significantly increased. although the health status such as pain, depression, and functional disability, which are final goals of the program, were significantly improved through the exposition of patients to those health promotion strategies.

This study is aimed at developing a cardiac rehabilitation program and enlightening the effects of the program on patient's health behavior compliance, cardiovascular functional capacity, and quality of life. Using a quasi-experimental approach the nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design was accepted for this study. The subjects of this study consisted of 55 patients with ischemic heart disease at the Cardiac Center of 'G' Hospital located in Inchon from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which participated in the cardiac program with 30 patients and 25 patients of a control group were not involved in the program. There were two phases in the cardiac rehabilitation program: the first phase was a team approach education. It focused on reducing the risk of ischemic heart problems. The second phase was individual training by using a home based exercise program, which was comprised of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, 40-60 minutes per session, and followed by consultation. Every session involved 20-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 40-60% of heart rate reserve, 11~13 RPE and 10 minutes of warm-up and 10 minutes of cool-down exercises. The experimental tools for the study were the health behavior compliance scale developed by Lee, Yoon-hee (1992), and quality of life scale developed by McGirr et al.(1990). RPPsubmax were measured by the treadmill. The collected data was processed by SPSS and analyzed by X2test and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The health behavior compliance in experimental group was significantly increased (t=5.091, p=.000) when compared to the control group. 2. RPPsubmax also decreased significantly in the experimental group when compared to the control group(t=-2.109, p=.040). 3. The quality of life significantly improved in the experimental group (t=3.853, p=.000) as compared to the control group. As the above results of this study revealed, the effectiveness of the cardiac rehabilitation program of the study was confirmed. It increased the health behavior compliance for reducing the risk of further coronary events, enhanced the cardiovascular functional capacity, and eventually improved the patient's quality of life.

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• Development and Application of a Self-management Program based on Prothrombin INR Monitoring for Patients with Cardiac Valve Replacement
  Hyun Rye Jeon, Jeong Sook Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 554.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of a Web-based Education Program to Prevent Secondary Stroke
  Chul-Gyu Kim, Hyeoun-Ae Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Factors explaining Quality of Life in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease
  In Sook Park, Rhayun Song, Sukhee Ahn, Hee Young So, Hyun Li Kim, Kyung Ok Joo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(6): 866.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a postpartum massage program on stress response in the Cesarean section mothers. The study focused on evaluating the effect of postpartum massage program on mood, anxiety, skin temperature and concentration of saliva and breast milk immunoglobulin A in the Cesarean section mothers. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Twenty-eight Cesarean section mothers were selected as experimental group, whereas twenty- seven were control group. The postpartum massage program consisted of 20 minutes of warm-up, massage and ending phases and used once a day. During each program, there were 4 minutes of warm-up, 14 minutes of massage on back, axillary and breasts, and 2 minutes of ending. Massage were used for the experimental group by the same investigator 20 times per minute. The massage technique used were efflurage, petrissage, accupressure, kneading and vibration. Skin temperature was monitored with YSI Tele-thermometer(Simpson electric Co., USA) before and after massage program. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in saliva and breast milk was analyzed by immunoturbididimeter assay(Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) before and after massage program. Also at this time mood and anxiety were measured by self-report. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 7.5 and hypothesis was tested with ANCOVA analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 2) Level of anxiety decreased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 3) Skin temperature increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 4) Concentration of saliva immunoglobulin A increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 5) Concentration of breast milk immunoglobulin A did not change significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 6) After use of postpartum massage program, there was significant correlation between psychological stress response and physiological stress response. The results suggest that postpartum massage program can be effective nursing intervention to reduce stress response in the postpartum mothers under stress.

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• Effects of Meridian Acupressure Massage on Body Composition, Edema, Stress, and Fatigue in Postpartum Women
  Geum-Sook Jung, In-Ryoung Choi, Hee-Young Kang, Eun-Young Choi
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• Effects of Laughter Therapy on Immune Responses in Postpartum Women
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The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs on motivation, the performance of health behavior, and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. The subjects consisted of 31 patients who participated in the rehabilitation program during their hospital stay, and were compared with 34 patients who did not participate. The study results are as follows: 1. The mean of cardiac risk factor scores for the subjects was 22.5 (SD = 5.5) at the level of low to moderate risk with some possibility to improve. The physiological and behavioral risk factors for the subjects were also in the normal range or slightly above the normal range. 2. The motivation level to preform health behaviors for both groups was improved after discharge. Also, perceived self-efficacy was significantly higher for the program participants than for the comparison group at the post-test. 3. The performance of cardiac related health behaviors improved for both groups after discharge, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. The program participants reported better performance in most health behaviors at the post-test, but the results failed to reach a statistical significant level. 4. As for motivation and health behavior, the subjects in the both groups showed an improved quality of life after the discharge. In addition, the program participants produced significantly higher scores in health and functioning dimension than the comparison group during the post-test. In conclusion, the study partially supported the effects of the inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program to motivate and improve the quality of life, and provide the need to apply early rehabilitation interventions for the patients after cardiac events. Further study with a longitudinal design is also suggested to verify the effect of cardiac rehabilitation program from hospitalization to discharge and subsequently to fully recover to the level of pre-hospitalized state.

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• Effect of goal attainment theory based education program on cardiovascular risks, behavioral modification, and quality of life among patients with first episode of acute myocardial infarction: Randomized study
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• A structural model of health behavior modification among patients with cardiovascular disease
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• Comparison of Health Behavior Change Before and After the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention among Coronary Artery Disease Patients
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• Factors Influencing Health Behavior Compliance of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
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  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(2): 191.     CrossRef
• Analyses of Studies on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea
  Yeoungsuk Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 311.     CrossRef
• Factors explaining Quality of Life in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease
  In Sook Park, Rhayun Song, Sukhee Ahn, Hee Young So, Hyun Li Kim, Kyung Ok Joo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(6): 866.     CrossRef
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• Structural Model for Quality of Life of Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease in Korea
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This study was designed to develop the life moking cessation program with multidisciplinary approach using the Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and confirm the effect of it on the self-efficacy and smoking amount in college students. For this purpose non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The participating subjects in this study were 46 male college freshmen, 23 in experimental and 23 in control group. The experimental group received the 8 sessions of lecture and small group discussions for 4 weeks and a telephone coaching program for a period of 8 weeks. The control group received 5 sessions of lecture without further treatments. The data was collected from March 15 to June 11, 1999, and analysed by SAS/PC program with X2 test, simple t, paired t test. The results were as follows. 1. The score of self-efficacy was significantly increased over time in the experimental group than those of the control group. 2. The amount of urine cotinine was decreased over time in the experimental group, number of cigarettes smoked a day were significantly decreased, and they were significantly less than those of the control group. In conclusion it was found that the Life Smoking Cessation Program with Multidisciplinary Approach was an effective nursing intervention for increasing self efficacy and reducing the amount of smoking in male college students. Therefore, future smoking cessation programs should always consider the concept of self-efficacy and ways to positively reinforce it.

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• The Effects of Knowledge about the Harmfulness of Smoking and Attitude Toward Smoking Temptation for Middle School Students
  Koung Oh Chang, Eun Kyung Byun, Nae Young Lee, So-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 522.     CrossRef
• Construction of the Structural Equation Model on Substance Use in Adolescents
  Jeongyee Bae, Panuncio Rosel
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 446.     CrossRef
• Multidisciplinary Practice Experience of Nursing Faculty and Their Collaborators for Primary Health Care in Korea
  Mi Ja Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung, Yang Heui Ahn
  Asian Nursing Research.2008; 2(1): 25.     CrossRef

This study was conducted to develop an education program of hospice care for the professional in order to care for nurses for terminally ill patients facing death and their families. The Modified Tyler-Type Ends-Means model was used to guide the curriculum development of the study. The curriculum include a philosophical conception of hospice education, fundamental concepts, purpose, objective and the educational contents. The content was developed based upon a 70% or more demand in educational demand analysis. The education program has a total of 360 hours consisting of 172 hours of theoretical study and 188 hours of practice including fundamental nursing care for hospice.

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• Hospice and Hospice Care in Korea: Evolution, Current Status, and Challenges
  Bok Yae Chung, Yu Xu, Chanyeong Kwak
  Home Health Care Management & Practice.2005; 18(1): 73.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the supportive nursing intervention program on Burden and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Nephrotic Sybdrome. The data were collected from a group of 67 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients(34 in the intervention group, 33 in the control group) from July 1, 1998 to Dec, 30, 1988, Measurements were burden and quality of life from both groups at pre and post intervention. The supportive nursing educational program consists of individual lectures and discussion at the individual level. Listed are the summarized result: 1. The intervention group had a lower level of burden (p<0.05) than the control group intervention. 2. The level of quality of life was not significant during the intervention. According to this study a developed supportive musing intervention program is effective for reduction of the burden. For future research, it is necessary that experiments concerning quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome, be conducted.

The purpose of the study was to test the effect of the health promotion program in middle women. The research design was a quasi experimental, nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from February 24 to April 14, 1988. The subjects were midlife women, age 40 to 50 years who reside in Chonju city. The experimental group consisted of 41 subjects and the control group 40 subjects. The instruments used for the study were the Self Efficacy Scale and the Health Promotion Behavior Scale developed by Park(1995). The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC. The study result were as follows: Through the 7 week education program for health promotion, self efficacy and health behavior were effectively changed in middle-aged.

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• Effects of Integrated Menopause Management Program for Middle Aged Woman
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