, 이종은2
, Jong-Eun Lee2
1전주비전대학교 간호학부
2가톨릭대학교 간호대학
1Department of Nursing, VISION College of Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea
2Department of Health System, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
© 2026 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.
Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements
None.
Funding
None.
Data Sharing Statement
The data collected in this study were obtained under informed consent agreements that explicitly restricted their use to the purposes of the present study only. Accordingly, the data cannot be shared with third parties or used for any purposes beyond those originally specified. Therefore, data sharing is not possible.
Supplementary Data
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.26010.
Supplementary Material 1. Discriminant validity of the measurement model using HTMT (N=250)
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: JEL, YJL. Methodology: JEL, YJL. Software: YJL. Validation: JEL, YJL. Formal analysis: YJL. Investigation: YJL. Resources: YJL. Data curation: YJL. Visualization: JEL, YJL. Supervision: JEL. Project administration: JEL. Funding acquisition: YJL. Writing-original draft: JEL, YJL. Writing-review & editing: JEL, YJL. Final approval of the manuscript: all authors.
| Characteristic | n (%) | Range | Mean±SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | |||
| Age (yr) | 24–55 | 35.25±7.36 | |
| 24–29 | 61 (24.4) | ||
| 30–39 | 100 (40.0) | ||
| 40–49 | 71 (28.4) | ||
| ≥50 | 18 (7.2) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 51 (20.4) | ||
| Female | 199 (79.6) | ||
| Cohabiting family | |||
| Yes | 191 (76.4) | ||
| No | 59 (23.6) | ||
| Teaching career (yr) | 1–35 | 10.45±7.06 | |
| ≤5 | 66 (26.4) | ||
| 6–10 | 81 (32.4) | ||
| 11–15 | 57 (22.8) | ||
| ≥16 | 46 (18.4) | ||
| Education experience for infection prevention | |||
| Yes | 162 (64.8) | ||
| No | 88 (35.2) | ||
| Annual education time for infection prevention (hr) | 1–30 | 2.35±4.00 | |
| Participants’ schools | |||
| Location | |||
| Capital region | 141 (56.4) | ||
| Non-capital region | 109 (43.6) | ||
| No. of students in class | 5–37 | 24.88±8.84 | |
| ≤25 | 143 (57.2) | ||
| ≥26 | 107 (42.8) | ||
| No. of total classrooms | 5–60 | 30.68±15.57 | |
| ≤20 | 68 (27.2) | ||
| 21–30 | 72 (28.8) | ||
| 31–40 | 46 (18.4) | ||
| ≥41 | 64 (25.6) | ||
| No. of total teachers | 7–90 | 42.20±19.88 | |
| ≤30 | 73 (29.2) | ||
| 31–50 | 104 (41.6) | ||
| ≥51 | 73 (29.2) |
| Variable | Mean±SD | Min–max | Skewness | Kurtosis | Outer loading (p) | Outer weight (p)a) | CR | AVE | VIF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory infection prevention knowledge | 7.19±1.70 | 1.00–9.00 | –1.29 | 2.00 | |||||
| Respiratory infection prevention attitude | 3.98±0.51 | 1.40–5.00 | –0.88 | 2.09 | |||||
| Social support | 4.38±0.65 | 2.25–5.00 | –1.32 | 1.42 | .78 | .55 | |||
| Family’s support | 4.44±0.74 | 1.00–5.00 | 1.70 | 3.07 | .83 (<.001) | ||||
| Friends’ support | 4.26±0.81 | 1.50–5.00 | –1.28 | 1.31 | .79 (<.001) | ||||
| Significant others’ support | 4.45±0.85 | 1.00–5.00 | –1.92 | 4.35 | .79 (<.001) | ||||
| Self-efficacy | 4.05±0.68 | 1.92–5.96 | –0.14 | 0.35 | .76 | .52 | |||
| Confidence | 3.75±1.17 | 1.00–6.00 | –0.05 | –0.64 | .62 (.005) | ||||
| Self-regulatory efficacy | 4.64±0.73 | 1.50–6.00 | –0.93 | 2.31 | .91 (<.001) | ||||
| Task difficulty preference | 3.02±1.00 | 1.00–6.00 | –0.01 | –0.59 | .59 (<.001) | ||||
| Respiratory infection prevention behavior | 2.78±0.50 | 1.22–4.00 | 0.12 | –0.14 | .85 | .65 | |||
| Hand hygiene | 3.32±0.50 | 2.00–4.00 | –0.58 | –0.45 | .08 (.652) | ||||
| Vaccination | 2.12±1.07 | 1.00–4.00 | 0.48 | –1.05 | .53 (<.001) | ||||
| Isolation precaution | 2.79±0.64 | 1.00–4.00 | –0.15 | 0.01 | .83 (<.001) | ||||
| Health management | 2.94±0.56 | 1.25–4.00 | 0.01 | –0.35 | .83 (<.001) | ||||
| School organizational culture | 3.11±0.60 | 1.00–5.00 | 0.45 | 0.92 | |||||
| Innovative culture | 3.09±0.98 | 1.00–5.00 | –0.13 | –0.85 | .75 (.008) | .46 (.376) | 2.193 | ||
| Rational culture | 2.90±0.93 | 1.00–5.00 | 0.47 | –0.54 | .78 (.001) | .32 (.374) | 1.620 | ||
| Group culture | 3.21±0.90 | 1.00–5.00 | –0.15 | –0.59 | .62 (.002) | .32 (.333) | 1.925 | ||
| Hierarchical culture | 3.25±0.88 | 1.00–5.00 | 0.03 | –0.72 | .45 (.048) | 1.404 |
| Endogenous variables | Exogenous variables | R2 (adjusted R2) | Q2 | f2 | Direct effects | Indirect effects | Total effects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | β | t (p) | B | β | t (p) | B | β | t (p) | |||||
| RIPK | SOC | .05 (.04) | .03 | .05 | .22 | .20 | 2.04 (.041) | .22 | .20 | 2.04 (.041) | |||
| RIPA | SOC | .03 (.03) | .01 | .03 | .18 | .18 | 1.53 (.125) | .18 | .18 | 1.53 (.125) | |||
| SS | SOC | .01 (.01) | .01 | .00 | .05 | .06 | 0.50 (.621) | .05 | .06 | 0.50 (.621) | |||
| SE | RIPK | .19 (.18) | .02 | .01 | .08 | .07 | 1.04 (.300) | .08 | .07 | 1.04 (.300) | |||
| SE | RIPA | .02 | .15 | .14 | 1.36 (.175) | .15 | .14 | 1.36 (.175) | |||||
| SE | SS | .12 | .34 | .33 | 3.25 (.001) | .34 | .33 | 3.25 (.001) | |||||
| SE | SOC | .00 | .03 | .05 | 0.24 (.809) | .03 | .03 | 0.46 (.647) | .06 | .08 | 0.35 (.729) | ||
| RIPB | RIPK | .23 (.22) | .05 | .02 | .11 | .12 | 1.81 (.070) | .02 | .02 | 0.86 (.391) | .10 | .10 | 1.53 (.126) |
| RIPB | RIPA | .05 | .22 | .23 | 2.19 (.029) | .03 | .03 | 1.31 (.190) | .25 | .26 | 2.64 (.008) | ||
| RIPB | SS | .01 | .09 | .08 | 0.99 (.324) | .07 | .07 | 1.81 (.070) | .16 | .15 | 2.08 (.037) | ||
| RIPB | SOC | .06 | .22 | .22 | 2.40 (.017) | .08 | .08 | 1.28 (.199) | .30 | .30 | 3.08 (.002) | ||
| RIPB | SE | .05 | .21 | .22 | 2.30 (.021) | .21 | .22 | 2.30 (.021) | |||||
SD, standard deviation.
AVE, average variance extracted; CR, composite reliability; SD, standard deviation; VIF, variance inflation factor. a)Outer weight in formative measurement.
Standardized root mean square residual=.07. RIPA, respiratory infection prevention attitude; RIPB, respiratory infection prevention behavior; RIPK, respiratory infection prevention knowledge; SOC, school organizational culture; SS, social support; SE, self-efficacy.
