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Original Article
- Degree of Cognitive function, Self-esteem and Depression of the Elderly by Aging
- Sung, Ki Wol1
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The Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):36-48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.36
Published online: December 18, 1997
1Department of Nursing, Taegu Junior College Taegu, Korea
1Department of Nursing, Taegu Junior College Taegu, Korea
- Position : Assistant professor, Department of Nursing, Taegu junior College Fax 井 : 053-320-1009(work) or 053-634-6342(Home) Tel 井 : 053-320-1022(work) or 053-634-6342(Home)
Copyright © 1997 Korean Society of Nursing Science
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Abstract
-
- This survey was performed to evaluate and compare cognitive function, self— esteem and depre– ssion in the elderly related to aging. The data were collected from 200 elders in eight homes for the elderly in Taegu. Data collection was done from June 1 to 31, 1996. The scale used to measure cognitive function was the MMSE - Κ (Mini - Mental State Examination—Korea), Self—esteem was measmed using Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and depression using SDS (Self—rating Depression Scale). A comparison of cognitive functionôself- esteem and depression by aging were summarised as follows :
- 1. There were significant differences on the cognitive function score in the elderly according to age group(F=24.81 P<.01).
- 2. There were significant differences on the self— esteem scorc in the elderly accoidiug Ιυ age group(F=3.84 P<.5).
- 3. There were significant differences on the depression score in the elderly according to age group (F-5,90, P<.1).
- 4. The general characteristics which affected the cognitive function scores of the elders were sex (F=8.45, PC.5) educational level(F-8.86, P< .5) spousing(F=34.59, P<.01), and the perception of health(F-4.63, PC.5).
- 5. The general characteristic which affected the self-esteem scores of the eiders was the perception of health(F-3.81, P<.5).
- 6. The general characteristic which affected the depression scores was the educational level (F=3.96 P<.5).
Table 1.General characteristics of subjects
Table 2.ANOVA table of cognitive function, self-esteem and depression by age
Table 3.ANOVA summary table for cognitive function, self—esteem and depression according to demographic variables
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XML DownloadDegree of Cognitive function, Self-esteem and Depression of the Elderly by Aging
Degree of Cognitive function, Self-esteem and Depression of the Elderly by Aging
General characteristics of subjects
| /Yrs. Characteristics | 50-59 N(%) | 60-69 N(%) | 70-79 N(%) | above 80 N(%) | Total N(%) | x2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| male | 14 (7.0) | 54 (27.0) | 30(15.0) | 18 (9.0) | 116 (58.0) | 4.21 |
| female | 18 (9.0) | 30(15.0) | 24 (12.0) | 12 (6.0) | 84 (42.0) | |
| Education | ||||||
| no school | 4 (2.0) | 26 (13.0) | 34(17.0) | 22(11.0) | 86 (43.0) | |
| elementary | 10 (5.0) | 32 (16.0) | 16 (8.0) | 6 (3.0) | 64 (32.0) | 65.16∗∗ |
| middle school | 14 (7.0) | 10 (5.0) | - | - | 24 (12.0) | |
| above high school | 4 (2.0) | 16 (8.0) | 4 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 26 (13.0) | |
| Religion | ||||||
| buddism | 18 (9.0) | 44(22.0) | 32 (16.0) | 12 (6.0) | 106 (53.0) | |
| catholic | 2(1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 2(1.0) | 2(1.0) | 8(4.0) | |
| protestant | 4 (2.0) | 8 (4.0) | 4 (2.0) | 4 (2.0) | 20 (10.0) | 8.27 |
| others | 2(1.0) | 4(2.0) | 2(1.0) | - | 8(4.0) | |
| none | 6 (3.0) | 26(13.0) | 14 (7.0) | 12 (6.0) | 58 (29.4) | |
| Spouse | ||||||
| yes | 30(15.0) | 64 (32.0) | 24(12.0) | 8 (4.0) | 126 (63.0) | 44.21∗∗ |
| no | 2(1.0) | 20(10.0) | 30 (15.0) | 22 (11.0) | 74 (37.0) | |
| Monthly pocket money | ||||||
| high | 6 (3.0) | 26(13.0) | 22(11.0) | 6 (3.0) | 60 (30.0) | |
| middle | 20 (10.0) | 34(17.0) | 8 (4.0) | 16 (8.0) | 78 (39.0) | 23.74∗ |
| low | 6 (3.0) | 24(12.0) | 24(12.0) | 8(4.0) | 62 (31.0) | |
| Health perseption | ||||||
| good | 16 (8.0) | 26 (13.0) | 8 (4.0) | 12 (6.0) | 62 (31.0) | |
| moderate | 14 (7.0) | 32(16.0) | 24 (12.0) | 6(3.0) | 76 (38.0) | 21.26∗ |
| poor | 2(1.0) | 26 (13.0) | 22 (11.0) | 12 (6.0) | 62 (31.0) | |
| Total | 32(16.0) | 84 (42.0) | 54 (27.0) | 30 (15.0) | 200(100.0) | |
∗P<.05 ∗∗P<.01
ANOVA table of cognitive function, self-esteem and depression by age
| cognitive function | self-esteem | depression | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Yrs.) | Number | Mean | S.D | F | Mean | S.D | F | Mean | S.D | F |
| 50 - 59 | 32 | 23.06 | 2.90 | 24.66 | 1.50 | 38.81 | 6.19 | |||
| 60-69 | 84 | 22.88 | 2.44 | 24.81∗∗∗ | 23.77 | 1.48 | 3.48∗ | 39.88 | 6.15 | 5.90∗∗ |
| 70-79 | 54 | 20.00 | 2.45 | 23.69 | 1.60 | 43.25 | 8.48 | |||
| above 80 | 30 | 18.66 | 4.16 | 23.75 | 1.76 | 37.40 | 5.30 | |||
| Total | 200 | 21.50 | 3.31 | 23.87 | 1.58 | 40.25 | 7.00 | |||
∗∗∗P<.001, ∗∗P<.01, ∗P<.05
ANOVA summary table for cognitive function, self—esteem and depression according to demographic variables
| Characteristics | cognitive function | self-esteem | depression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Mean | S.D | Mean | F | S.D | F | Mean | S.D | F | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| male | 116 | 22.06 | 2.82 | 23.84 | 1.62 | 40.39 | 6.96 | |||
| female | 84 | 20.71 | 3.76 | 8.45∗∗ | 23.90 | 1.54 | 0.06 | 40.04 | 7.10 | 0.12 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| no school | 86 | 20.46 | 3.67 | 23.88 | 1.65 | 42.92 | 7.06 | |||
| elementary | 64 | 21.50 | 3.00 | 8.86∗∗ | 23.81 | 1.75 | 0.43 | 40.89 | 6.41 | 3.96∗ |
| middle school | 24 | 23.75 | 2.25 | 23.66 | 1.20 | 40.81 | 5.23 | |||
| above high school | 26 | 22.84 | 1.91 | 24.15 | 1.25 | 39.83 | 8.69 | |||
| Religion | ||||||||||
| buddism | 106 | 21.09 | 3.17 | 23.81 | 1.52 | 41.20 | 7.32 | |||
| catholic | 8 | 19.00 | 3.92 | 24.25 | 1.16 | 44.25 | 8.36 | |||
| protestant | 20 | 21.20 | 3.72 | 3.37 | 24.10 | 1.55 | 0.90 | 39.90 | 6.70 | 2.60 |
| others | 8 | 22.50 | 1.19 | 23.00 | 0.75 | 40.00 | 3.92 | |||
| none | 58 | 22.55 | 3.24 | 23.96 | 1.82 | 38.10 | 6.21 | |||
| Spouse | ||||||||||
| yes | 126 | 22.47 | 2.95 | 23.85 | 1.54 | 39.65 | 6.65 | |||
| no | 74 | 19.83 | 3.23 | 34.59∗∗∗ | 23.89 | 1.66 | 0.02 | 41.27 | 7.51 | 2.50 |
| Monthly pocket money | ||||||||||
| high | 60 | 21.26 | 2.92 | 23.93 | 1.56 | 39.96 | 6.40 | |||
| middle | 78 | 21.46 | 3.84 | 0.36 | 24.12 | 1.33 | 2.96 | 39.25 | 5.69 | 2.32 |
| low | 62 | 21.77 | 2.95 | 24.48 | 1.84 | 41.77 | 8.71 | |||
| Health perseption | ||||||||||
| good | 62 | 21.74 | 2.93 | 24.32 | 1.50 | 39.06 | 6.20 | |||
| moderate | 76 | 22.13 | 2.68 | 4.63∗ | 23.71 | 1.44 | 3.81∗ | 40.39 | 6.91 | 1.S5 |
| poor | 62 | 20.48 | 4.08 | 23.61 | 1.76 | 41.25 | 7.77 | |||
| Total | 200 | 21.50 | 3.31 | 23.87 | 1.58 | 40.25 | 7.00 | |||
∗∗∗P<.001, ∗∗P<.01, ∗P<.05
Table 1. General characteristics of subjects
P<.05 ∗∗P<.01
Table 2. ANOVA table of cognitive function, self-esteem and depression by age
P<.001, ∗∗P<.01, ∗P<.05
Table 3. ANOVA summary table for cognitive function, self—esteem and depression according to demographic variables
P<.001, ∗∗P<.01, ∗P<.05
