Abstract
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Purpose - Clinical training for nursing students is limited to rudimentary skills to avoid potential risks. Simulation-Based Training (SBT) can overcome the shortcomings of clinical training. We evaluated the educational effect of SBT for obstetrical nursing students using high-fidelity simulation courses.
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Methods - We developed a simulation program for obstetrical nursing students to practice nursing skills that are necessary to provide quality care. The program consisted of four sessions. 1st: An orientation and a preliminary test. 2nd: Learning core skills required in obstetrical nursing. 3rd: Testing each student with scenario. 4th: Providing a debriefing session. At the beginning of the program, students were surveyed about their self-confidence in obstetrical nursing care, and at the end of the program, they were surveyed about the adequacy of SBT as well as self-confidence.
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Results - Students’ self-confidence showed a significant difference before and after simulation. Mean adequacy of SBT was 7.15±1.35 (out of 10). Most students became more interested in Women’s Health Nursing after SBT.
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Conclusion - The results from evaluating the effects of simulation-based obstetrical nursing training show that SBT provides invaluable clinical experience for obstetrical nursing students by overcoming the lack of actual clinical involvement in clinical training programs.
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Keywords: Obstetrical nursing; Simulation-based training 
 
Figure 1.Running process of the simulation-based training.
 
 
Table 1.General Characteristics of Participants (N=138)
| Variables | Mean±SD | n (%) | 
| Age (yr) | 21.3±2.7 |  | 
| Gender |  |  | 
| Female |  | 125 (90.6) | 
| Male |  | 13 (9.4) | 
| Simulation experience |  |  | 
| Yes |  | 106 (76.8) | 
| No |  | 31 (22.4) | 
| Satisfaction with the obstetric clinical experience |  | 
| Very high |  | 22 (15.9) | 
| High |  | 41 (29.7) | 
| Middle |  | 34 (24.6) | 
| Low |  | 31 (22.5) | 
| Very Low |  | 10 (7.2) | 
 
Table 2.Self-confidence about Clinical Practices for Obstetric Nursing (N=138
| Sub-domain | Items | Before simulation 
 | After simulation 
 | p | 
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | 
| Knowledge about clinical situation | Preparation of clients for Leopold’s maneuver | 3.17±0.90 | 3.80±0.75 | <.001 | 
|  | Correct understanding of the relationship between uterine contraction and fetal heart rates | 2.87±0.85 | 3.46±0.92 | <.001 | 
|  | Correct interpretation of fetal monitoring results | 2.46±0.83 | 3.09±0.94 | <.001 | 
|  | Thorough understanding of process of labor | 3.01±0.83 | 3.25±0.82 | .003 | 
|  | Understanding of the clients reaction during labor | 2.98±0.81 | 3.30±0.90 | <.001 | 
|  | Thorough understanding of postpartum changes (Height of fundus, etc.) | 3.41±0.86 | 3.70±0.77 | .001 | 
|  | Sub-total | 2.98±0.63 | 3.43±0.64 | <.001 | 
| Precise assessment | Appropriate assessment of clients (physical examination, pain assessment, etc.) | 2.92±0.76 | 3.32±0.85 | <.001 | 
| Appropriate intervention | Proper performance for each step of Leopold’s maneuver | 3.06±0.94 | 3.70±0.83 | <.001 | 
|  | Check fetal heart rate at correct location and correct interpretation | 3.01±0.86 | 3.67±0.84 | <.001 | 
|  | Clear explanation to client about clients’ medical status | 2.67±0.82 | 3.30±0.78 | <.001 | 
|  | Right position change for the condition of the client | 3.02±0.88 | 3.68±0.86 | <.001 | 
|  | Appropriate breathing technique according to the clients’ status | 2.78±0.87 | 3.58±0.84 | <.001 | 
|  | Nursing interventions for anxiety | 3.15±0.91 | 3.60±0.85 | <.001 | 
|  | Client education for postpartum management | 3.28±0.86 | 3.64±0.78 | <.001 | 
|  | Proper comfort care for clients | 3.25±0.78 | 3.60±0.89 | <.001 | 
|  | Privacy protection for the client in all the possible situations | 3.88±0.82 | 3.76±0.97 | .208 | 
|  | Correct judgement and report on clients’ condition | 2.27±0.79 | 3.21±0.81 | <.001 | 
|  | Providing nursing care calmly | 3.07±0.78 | 3.33±0.92 | .003 | 
|  | Sub-total | 3.08±0.60 | 3.55±0.60 | <.001 | 
| Prioritization | Priority nursing care plan according to clients’ condition | 2.68±1.06 | 3.16±0.90 | <.001 | 
| Appropriate communication | Appropriate communication with clients and colleagues | 3.28±0.71 | 3.53±0.83 | .001 | 
| Total |  | 3.03±0.58 | 3.48±0.60 | <.001 | 
 
Table 3.Adequacy of Simulation-based Training (N=138
| Sub-domain | Items | Mean±SD | 
| Relevance of the simulation learning process | 
|  | Simulation-based training increased confidence in nursing | 7.31±1.74 | 
|  | Simulations were realistic | 7.38±1.84 | 
|  | Simulation helped to establish nursing goals for clients | 7.27±1.74 | 
|  | Simulation-based training increased students’ interest in women’s health nursing | 8.33±1.26 | 
|  | Simulation-based training may help nursing practice in the future | 8.01±1.90 | 
|  | Total | 7.17±1.38 | 
| Adequacy of simulation-based training in each session | 
| Orientation & Preliminary test | Orientation helped in understanding the simulation program | 7.09±1.91 | 
|  | The goal of the simulation program was made clear | 7.44±1.84 | 
|  | The simulation scenarios were easily understood | 6.79±1.72 | 
|  |  | 7.10±1.52 | 
| Learning core skills | Open Lab was properly used for simulation preparation | 6.30±2.39 | 
| Simulation test | Students could confirm abnormal status of clients through simulation | 7.01±1.68 | 
|  | Students could prioritize nursing interventions during the simulation | 6.49±1.73 | 
|  | Students knew what should be done to resolve clients’ problems | 6.32±1.79 | 
|  | Students could perform correct procedure for nursing skills | 6.30±1.76 | 
|  |  | 6.52±1.48 | 
| Debriefing | Constructive feedback was given after simulation | 7.75±1.78 | 
|  | Debriefing helped the student identify his or her strength | 7.29±1.85 | 
|  | Debriefing helped to identify the weakness of the student | 8.12±1.71 | 
|  |  | 7.72±1.55 | 
|  | Total | 6.99±1.36 | 
| Relevance of the simulation learning environment | 
|  | The installation and equipment of the simulation program were appropriate | 7.95±1.83 | 
|  | The duration of the simulation tests were appropriate | 7.61±1.81 | 
|  | The simulation tests were interesting enough to hold students’ attentio | 7.53±1.95 | 
|  | Appropriate nursing information was provided during the simulation program | 7.33±1.67 | 
|  | Total | 7.60±1.60 | 
| Total |  | 7.15±1.35 | 
 
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