Abstract

• Purpose
  This investigation examined the effect of PBL on the meta-cognition, critical thinking, and problem solving process.
• Method
  The research design was pre-posttest with a nonequivalent control group design. Scenarios for PBL sessions were developed on the basis of textbooks and patients' charts and tested for content validity. Seventy six nursing students who took a ‘Nursing Process’ course from two nursing schools participated in the experimental group and control group. The experimental group performed PBL during the semester. Meta-cognition and problem solving processes were assessed by questionnaires which were developed using pedagogics. Critical thinking was measured by the CCTST(California Critical Thinking Skill Test) Form 2000. The data was analyzed by repeated measure (pretest-posttest) MANOVA, and correlation analysis.
• Result
  PBL improved the participants' meta-cognition and problem solving process but not critical thinking. The relationship between meta-cognition and the problem solving process was supported but the relationship between critical thinking and problem solving was not supported.
• Conclusion
  These results suggest that PBL has a positive effect on nursing students' educational outcomes. To improve the problem solving ability of nursing students, PBL should be applied to more subjects in the nursing curriculum.
• Keywords: Problem-based learning; Thinking; Cognition; Problem solving

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• The effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in enhancing critical thinking skills in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ting Su, Jing Liu, Lele Meng, Yijing Luo, Qiaoling Ke, Lingzhu Xie
  Frontiers in Education.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Critical thinking disposition as a mediator in creativity and problem-solving: A MASEM study
  Ayhan Koçoğlu, Sedat Kanadlı
  Intelligence.2025; 113: 101951.     CrossRef
• Outcomes of problem-based learning in nurse education: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Sapna Sharma, Ita Daryanti Saragih, Dame Elysabeth Tuty Arna Uly Tarihoran, Fan-Hao Chou
  Nurse Education Today.2023; 120: 105631.     CrossRef
• Metacognition in Nursing Students: A Concept Analysis
  Ji-Sung Park, Hee-Joo Oh, Ji-Hyun Choi, Jin-Hui Han, Ji-Yoon Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(4): 499.     CrossRef
• HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİLERİ VE BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMAYA YÖNELİK KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ
  Esin Ateş, Şafak Dağhan, Damla Ünal, Damla Ünsal, Ece Üzrek, Gülben Özyavuz
  İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi.2023; 11(2): 1631.     CrossRef
• What are the Factors that Enhance Metacognitive Skills in Nursing Students? A Systematic Review
  Shadi Asadzandi, Rita Mojtahedzadeh, Aeen Mohammadi
  Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.2022; 27(6): 475.     CrossRef
• Effects of Problem-Based Learning on the Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy of Students Majoring in Dental Hygiene
  Jin-Sun Choi, Soo-Myoung Bae, Sun-Jung Shin, Bo-Mi Shin, Hyo-Jin Lee
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(12): 7491.     CrossRef
• Mediating effects of self-directed learning on the relationship between critical thinking and problem-solving in student nurses attending online classes: A cross-sectional descriptive study
  Yeoungsuk Song, Yoonmi Lee, Junghoon Lee
  Nurse Education Today.2022; 109: 105227.     CrossRef
• Comparing the Effects of Pure Problem-Based Learning and Hybrid Problem-Based Learning on Metacognitive Awareness in Nursing Students
  H. Zarida, A. Zarifi, M. Zoladl, M. Salari
  Journal of Clinical Care and Skills.2021; 2(3): 113.     CrossRef
• Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Problem-Based Learning in Nursing Students
  Yeoungsuk Song, Seurk Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(3): 246.     CrossRef
• Effect of a Situational Module Learning Course on Critical Thinking Disposition and Metacognition in Nursing Students: A Quasi-experimental Study
  Kwang Ok Park, Mi Yu
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(2): 251.     CrossRef
• An analysis of medical students’ reflective essays in problem-based learning
  Jihyun Si
  Korean Journal of Medical Education.2018; 30(1): 57.     CrossRef
• Utilizing Video vs Simulation Practice for Handoff Education of Nursing Students in Pediatric Nursing
  Sun-Nam Park, Young Soon Im
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 27.     CrossRef
• Effects of Simulation With Problem-Based Learning Program on Metacognition, Team Efficacy, and Learning Attitude in Nursing Students
  Myung-Nam Lee, Kyung-Dong Nam, Hyeon-Young Kim
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2017; 35(3): 145.     CrossRef
• A meta-analysis of the effects of non-traditional teaching methods on the critical thinking abilities of nursing students
  JuHee Lee, Yoonju Lee, SaeLom Gong, Juyeon Bae, Moonki Choi
  BMC Medical Education.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Convergence Study about Problem-based Learing and Self-directed Learning Ability, Problem Solving Skills, Academic Self-efficacy, Motivation toward Learning of Nursing Students
  Seung-Ju Kang, Eun-Ju Kim, Hae-Jin Shin
  Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(2): 33.     CrossRef
• THE EFFECTS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING WITH THINKING MAPS ON FIFTH GRADERS’ SCIENCE CRITICAL THINKING
  Nyet Moi Siew, Ruslan Mapeala
  Journal of Baltic Science Education.2016; 15(5): 602.     CrossRef
• The Survey on the Influence of Clinical Nurse's Critical Thinking Disposition, Problem-solving Skill and Self-efficacy on Patients Safety Competencies
  Hyo-Sun Kim, Suk-Jung Han
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(6): 598.     CrossRef
• Effects of full problem based learning of dental students on self-directed learning, communication, and problem solving abilities
  Kang-Wook Lee, Jin-Sil Hong, Kee-Wan Chang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016; 40(4): 277.     CrossRef
• Impacts of Critical Thinking Disposition and Nursing Work Environment on Nurses' Clinical Decision Making Abilities
  Insook Oh, Jeong-Hee Kim
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(3): 304.     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of workshop (cooperative learning) based seminars
  Kevin Baird, Rahat Munir
  Asian Review of Accounting.2015; 23(3): 293.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Simulation-based Program on Self-Directed Learning Ability, Metacognition and Clinical Competence in a Nursing Student
  Myung-Ock Chae
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6832.     CrossRef
• Empowerment on Clinical Nursing Skills Core Program
  Hye-Suk Kim, Hae-Ryoung Park, Eun-Hee Park
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(12): 589.     CrossRef
• Effects of problem-based learning vs. traditional lecture on Korean nursing students' critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-directed learning
  Eunyoung Choi, Ruth Lindquist, Yeoungsuk Song
  Nurse Education Today.2014; 34(1): 52.     CrossRef
• Impact of Self-Directed Learning Ability and Metacognition on Clinical Competence among Nursing Students
  Mi Young Jho, Myung-Ock Chae
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(4): 513.     CrossRef
• Effects of S-PBL in Fundamental Nursing Practicum among Nursing Students : Comparision Analysis of a Ordinary Least Square and a Quantile Regression for Critical Thinking Disposition
  Won Hee Jun, Eunju Lee
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2013; 13(11): 1036.     CrossRef
• Developing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills by Task-Based Learning in Chemistry Experiment Teaching
  Qing Zhou, Qiuyan Huang, Hong Tian
  Creative Education.2013; 04(12): 40.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Problem-Based Learning on Self-Regulated Learning Ability in LIS Education: Based on Cognitive and Motivational Components
  Jeong-Mee Lee
  Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science.2013; 47(4): 103.     CrossRef
• Nursing Students' Experiences with Facilitator in Problem-Based Learning Class
  Jin Hyang Yang, BokSun Yang
  Asian Nursing Research.2013; 7(4): 198.     CrossRef
• Influence of Nurses' Performance with Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Process
  Haeran Choi, Dongsook Cho
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(3): 265.     CrossRef
• Effects of Differences in Problem-Based Learning Course Length on Academic Motivation and Self-Directed Learning Readiness in Medical School Students
  So Jung Yune, Sun Ju Im, Sun Hee Lee, Sun Yong Baek, Sang Yeoup Lee
  Korean Journal of Medical Education.2010; 22(1): 23.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Case-Based Learning Using Video on Clinical Decision Making and Learning Motivation in Undergraduate Nursing Students
  Moon-Sook Yoo, Jin-Hee Park, Si-Ra Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 863.     CrossRef
• Critical Thinking Disposition and Problem Solving Ability in Nursing Students
  Seung-Ae Yang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(4): 389.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Problem Solving Abilities of Freshmen Nursing Students
  Yun Min Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(2): 190.     CrossRef
• A comparison of problem-based learning and lecture-based learning in an adult health nursing course
  Seon Young Hwang, Mi Ja Kim
  Nurse Education Today.2006; 26(4): 315.     CrossRef