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The experiences of infertile women discontinuing in vitro fertilization treatment: a grounded theory approach
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Eunmi Park, Yeoungsuk Song
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):440-453. Published online August 11, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25048
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 Abstract
 PDF ePub
- Purpose
This study aimed to develop a situation-specific theory by gaining an in-depth understanding of the deterrent processes experienced by infertile women who have discontinued in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, within the socio-cultural context of South Korea.
Methods
The participants were 16 infertile women who discontinued IVF procedures. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from February to December 2023. Theoretical sampling was conducted, and the transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory method.
Results
In total, 37 concepts and 14 categories were extracted through the open coding process. The central phenomenon in axial coding was “Distress caused by the discontinuation of IVF treatment.” The core category was “A journey to break free from the identity of infertility toward self-determined womanhood.” The results were categorized into two types: “Detachment from the framework of attempting pregnancy” and “A continued longing for the fulfillment of a traditional family.” The situation-specific theory was the “Theory of reconstructing subjective identity through the acceptance of childfree life,” which illustrates how infertile women actively redefine their life trajectories after discontinuing IVF treatment.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of public perceptions about infertile women who discontinue IVF procedures, which are seen as the last resort of assisted reproductive technology, because positive perceptions assists women in living a self-governing life. It may be necessary to develop educational and promotional programs to change negative social perceptions and to establish a psycho-social support system for infertile women who have been deterred from IVF procedures.
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Development and effects of a media-based reproductive health promotion program for male high school students at male high school: a quasi-experimental study
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Joon-Young Lee, Yeoungsuk Song
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):34-49. Published online February 20, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24050
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Abstract
PDFePub
- Purpose
This quasi-experimental study was conducted to develop a media-based reproductive health promotion program (MRHPP) among male high school students and to evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods
The ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model) was used to develop the MRHPP based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. The research was conducted using a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design (experimental group=23; control group=22). The program consisted of six sessions and was conducted twice a week. The participants were assessed through a pre-test, post-test immediately after training (post-test 1), and follow-up after 4 weeks (post-test 2) by using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results
The analysis of the group-by-time interaction showed statistically significant differences in attitudes toward reproductive health behavior (RHB) (F=4.09, p=.049), subjective norms of RHB (F=5.31, p=.026), and intention to engage in RHB (F=3.78, p=.016). The effect sizes for attitudes, subjective norms, and intention to engage in RHB ranged from 0.75 (medium) to 1.02 (large) (p<.001) at post-test 1, and those for attitudes and subjective norms of RHB ranged from 0.36 (small) to 0.69 (medium) (p<.001) at post-test 2.
Conclusion
The MRHPP was demonstrated to be an effective intervention for promoting reproductive health behavior among male high school students.
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Nurses’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Crisis
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Jung-Hoon Lee, Yeoungsuk Song
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):689-702. Published online December 31, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21160
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Abstract
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- Purpose
This study aimed to develop a situation-specific theory to explain nurses’ experiences of the COVID-19 crisis.
Methods
The participants were 16 hospital nurses who experienced the COVID-19 crisis. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from September 2, 2020 to January 20, 2021. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.
Results
A total of 38 concepts and 13 categories were identified through an open coding process. The core category found was becoming a pioneering nurse who turns crises into opportunities. The causal conditions were the chaos of being exposed defenselessly to an unexpected pandemic, fear caused by a nursing care field reminiscent of a battlefield, and moral distress from failing to protect patients’ human dignity. The contextual conditions were feeling like the scapegoat of the hospital organization, increasing uncertainty due to the unpredictable state of COVID-19, and relative deprivation due to inappropriate treatment. The central phenomenon was suffering alone while experiencing the dedication of the COVID-19 hero image. The action/interactional strategy were efforts to find a breakthrough and getting the nurse’s mind right, and the intervening conditions were gratitude for those who care for broken hearts and getting used to myself with repetitive work. The Consequences were becoming an independent nurse and frustration with the unchanging reality.
Conclusion
This study provides the foundation for the nurse's situation-specific theory of the COVID-19 crisis by defining the crisis perceived by nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients and suggesting types of coping with the crisis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - The Moderating Effect of Calling in the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress and Turnover Intention of Nurses Who Cared for COVID-19 Patients
Min Ju Woo, Bu Kyung Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 75. CrossRef - Experiences of Person‐Centred Care Among Nurses in COVID‐19 Wards: A Qualitative Study
Myoungsuk Kim, Yongmi Lee, Hyun‐Ju Kang
Nursing Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The mediating and moderating role of recovery experience between occupational stress and turnover intention in nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19
Junghoon Lee, Junekyu Kim, Hong‐A Lim, Yeoungsuk Song
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(4): 1470. CrossRef - Improving Emerging Infectious Disease Control Based on the Experiences of South Korean Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Ha-Young Park, In-Sun Yeom
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 1. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Depression Among Nurses in General Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Job Demands, Post-traumatic Stress, and Social and Organizational Support
Si Hyun Baek, Jeong-Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 306. CrossRef - An Integrated Review of Difficulties and Response Strategies
Experienced by Korean Nurses during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Based on
Qualitative Research
Jayoung YOU, Dan Bi CHO
Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2024; 27(1): 27. CrossRef - Experience of Clinical Adaptation among Nurses in Intensive Care Unit
Jin Young Hong, Sue Kyung Sohn
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Mira Mo, Seongmi Moon, Eun Kyeung Song
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Kisook Kim, Sunmi Kwon
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(2): 127. CrossRef - Perceptions of Healthcare Safety Nets among Tertiary Hospital and Long-Term Care Hospital Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Q-Methodological Approach
Bom-Mi Park, Mi Young Chon, Hyun-Jung Lee
Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2732. CrossRef - Burnout and Its Associated Factors Among COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers
Hyeonseok Oh, Euihyun Kwak, So Yeon Hyun, Songeun Lee, Suk-Hyun Lee, In Mok Oh, Minyoung Sim
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2023; 62(4): 199. CrossRef - Experiences of Psychiatric Nurses Working in a Closed Psychiatric Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ji Young Kim, Hyun Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(4): 374. CrossRef - Parenting Experience of Shift Nurses With Elementary School-Aged Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study
Jeung-Im Kim, Mi-Youn Jang, A-Ri Song, Jung-Eun Yu, Myung-Sook Baik
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2023; 27(3): 154. CrossRef - Influence of COVID 19 on Nursing Students’ Career Identity: A Cross-sectional Study
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Minyoung Shin, Woojoung Joung
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Kyung Ah Woo, Eun Kyoung Yun, JiSun Choi, Hye Min Byun
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Minjung Moon, Kyoungsan Seo
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Young Joo Lee
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Analyses of Studies on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea
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Yeoungsuk Song
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(3):311-320. Published online June 29, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.3.311
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
This study was to analyze research reports published in Korea on cardiac rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Methods
Based on inclusion criteria, 19 research reports were included in this review. Published year of selected articles was between 1996 and 2008. Nineteen studies were analyzed by guidelines of the cardiac rehabilitation programs done by the American Heart Association (AHA) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN).
Results
The characteristics of patients were mostly of ischemic heart disease, 50-59 yr old, and male. Educational sessions were administered twice, and each lesson lasted less than 30 min. Exercise was done 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Most educational content were about risk factors, but there was no information, such as coping with feelings. Most exercise was performed as ROM, treadmill, and cycle ergometer. A large percentage of outcome indicators were health behavior, hemodynamic changes, and exercise capacity. There was more 'no effect' than 'positive effect' in trait anxiety and depression, whereas similar in physiologic domain.
Conclusion
Various types of cardiac rehabilitation in Korea were performed by researchers. Therefore, we need to develop the standard protocol, to add psychosocial intervention, and to study cost effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Comprehensiveness of cardiac rehabilitation program in Korea: a nation-wide survey result
Jidong Sung, Chul Kim, Jae-Young Han, Sungju Jee, Jang Woo Lee, Jong Hwa Lee, Won-Seok Kim, Heui Je Bang, Sora Baek, Kyung-Lim Joa, Ae Ryoung Kim, So Young Lee, Jihee Kim, Chung Reen Kim, Oh Pum Kwon
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Reliability and Validity of Korean-Version of Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation Scale
Sang Young Heon Choi, Joong Hwi Kim
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2022; 34(5): 234. CrossRef - Medium reach theory for nursing in cardiovascular rehabilitation
Maria Sinara Farias, Lúcia de Fátima da Silva, Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão, Maria Vilani Cavalcante Guedes, Keila Maria de Azevedo Pontes, Rafael Oliveira Pitta Lopes
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Jae-Hee Lee
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Carol C. Choo, Peter K. H. Chew, Shuet-Ming Lai, Shuenn-Chiang Soo, Cyrus S. Ho, Roger C. Ho, Raymond C. Wong
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(6): 1095. CrossRef - Development and Effectiveness of Tailored Education and Counseling Program for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
So-Yeon Kim, Min Young Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(5): 547. CrossRef - Biomarker for the Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Ho Sun Shon, Jang-Whan Bae, Kyoung Ok Kim, Eun Jong Cha, Kyung Ah Kim
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So‐Sun Kim, Sunhee Lee, GiYon Kim, Seok‐Min Kang, Jeong‐Ah Ahn
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Ho Sun Shon, Kyung Kuk Hwang, Jang Whan Bae, Kyung Ah Kim, Jong Yun Lee, Keun Ho Ryu
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So‐Sun Kim, Jeong‐Ah Ahn, Seok‐Min Kang, GiYon Kim, Sunhee Lee
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2013; 22(5-6): 661. CrossRef - Analysis of Nursing Intervention Studies on Patients with Breast Cancer in Korea
Kyung Sook Choi, Mi Sook Kim, In Ja Lee, Sang Young Han, Jung Ae Park, Joohyun Lee
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(1): 74. CrossRef - An Analysis of Articles for International Marriage Immigrant Women Related to Health
Ok-Hee Ahn, Mi-Soon Jeon, Yoon-Young Hwang, Kyung-Ae Kim, Mi-Sun Youn
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2010; 35(2): 134. CrossRef - Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Status and Health Behaviors in Korean Women based on Household Income
Young-Joo Park, Nah-Mee Shin, Ji-Won Yoon, Jiwon Choi, Sook-Ja Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 831. CrossRef
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The Life of Patients with a Heart Transplant
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Yeoungsuk Song
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(1):64-71. Published online February 28, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.1.64
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to develop a substantive theory on the life of patients with heart transplantation in the context of Korean society and culture. The question for the study was “What is the life of patients like with a heart transplant?”.
Method
A grounded theory method guided the data collection and analysis. Participants for this study were 12 adults who regularly visited a Cardiovascular ambulatorium in a medical center. The data was collected through an in-depth interview and analyses were performed simultaneously.
Result
‘Developing a new life to live on borrowed time’ was the core category in this study. It revealed two types of life, one is living in peace and another is thinking positive.
Conclusion
This study provides a framework for the development of individualized nursing interventions to care for patients with Heart Transplantation. The findings may provide pointers for health professionals about ways to improve support for heart transplant recipients.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - The Lived Experience of Patients with Heart Transplantation: A Phenomenological Study
Younghui Hwang, Myungsun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(1): 110. CrossRef - Experiences of Pregnancy and Childbirth in Women after Liver Transplantation
Hea Seon Ha, Kyung-Choon Lim, Jung Ja Hong, In Ok Kim, Mi Kyeong Jeon, Jae Sim Jeong, Soon Haeng Lee, Haeng Mi Son, Myungsun Yi, Sung Gyu Lee
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(6): 690. CrossRef
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