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A Caring Program for Health Promotion among Women Who Have Experienced Trauma: A QuasiExperimental Pilot Study
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Goun Kim, Heejung Kim, Jeongok Park, Hee Sun Kang, Soojin Kim, Sunah Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):500-513. Published online October 31, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22120
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 Abstract
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- Purpose
Women are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress (PTS) than men, causing several health problems. Nurses should understand and work with women who have experienced trauma and provide interventions to promote their physical, social, and mental health.
Methods
This quasi-experimental pilot study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. Data were collected from 14 women recruited between December 2019 and May 2020 from a self-sufficiency support center in South Korea for sexually-exploited women who had experienced trauma. The program consisted of six one-on-one intervention sessions per week for six weeks. Each session averaged 60~120 minutes. Participants were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests.
Results
The caring program for health promotion was divided into six sessions: understanding the self, sharing traumatic events and negative emotions, reframing the meaning of traumatic events, identifying thoughts and physical and emotional responses, developing health promotion activities, and maintaining a positive attitude during the process of change. As a result of the caring program, PTS (F = 36.33, p < .001), depression (F = 24.45, p < .001), health-promoting behaviors (F = 7.06, p = .004), and self-esteem (F = 19.74, p < .001) among the participants differed significantly at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Conclusion
This study provides foundational information for the implementation of a theory-driven program by nurses in clinical and community settings to provide comprehensive care for women who have experienced trauma.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Development and Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Relationship Improvement Program for Inpatients with Chronic Schizophrenia: Quasi-experimental/Non-randomised Evaluation
Jae-Eun Choi, Jeongyee Bae
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2025; 34(2): 188. CrossRef
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Nurse Staffing and Health Outcomes of Psychiatric Inpatients: A Secondary Analysis of National Health Insurance Claims Data
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Suin Park, Sohee Park, Young Joo Lee, Choon-Seon Park, Young-Chul Jung, Sunah Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):333-348. Published online June 30, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19203
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Abstract
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- Purpose
The present study investigated the association between nurse staffing and health outcomes among psychiatric inpatients in Koreaby assessing National Health Insurance claims data.
Methods
The dataset included 70,136 patients aged 19 years who were inpatientsin psychiatric wards for at least two days in 2016 and treated for mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol; schizophrenia,schizotypal and delusional disorders; and mood disorders across 453 hospitals. Nurse staffing levels were measured in three ways: registerednurse-to-inpatient ratio, registered nurse-to-adjusted inpatient ratio, and nursing staff-to-adjusted inpatient ratio. Patient outcomesincluded length of stay, readmission within 30 days, psychiatric emergency treatment, use of injected psycholeptics for chemical restraint,and hypnotics use. Relationships between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes were analyzed considering both patient and systemcharacteristics using multilevel modeling.
Results
Multilevel analyses revealed that more inpatients per registered nurse, adjusted inpatientsper registered nurse, and adjusted inpatients per nursing staff were associated with longer lengths of stay as well as a higher risk of readmission.More adjusted inpatients per registered nurse and adjusted inpatients per nursing staff were also associated with increased hypnoticsuse but a lower risk of psychiatric emergency treatment. Nurse staffing levels were not significantly associated with the use of injectedpsycholeptics for chemical restraint.
Conclusion
Lower nurse staffing levels are associated with negative health outcomes of psychiatricinpatients. Policies for improving nurse staffing toward an optimal level should be enacted to facilitate better outcomes for psychiatricinpatients in Korea.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - The Association Between Nurse Staffing and Conflict and Containment in Acute Mental Health Care: A Systematic Review
Samuel Woodnutt, Simon Hall, Paula Libberton, Jane Ball, Chiara Dall'Ora, Peter Griffiths
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Comprehensive Symptom Prediction in Inpatients With Acute Psychiatric Disorders Using Wearable-Based Deep Learning Models: Development and Validation Study
Minseok Hong, Ri-Ra Kang, Jeong Hun Yang, Sang Jin Rhee, Hyunju Lee, Yong-gyom Kim, KangYoon Lee, HongGi Kim, Yu Sang Lee, Tak Youn, Se Hyun Kim, Yong Min Ahn
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e65994. CrossRef - Changing the focus of adverse incident reporting in mental health nursing
Samuel Woodnutt
Mental Health Practice.2024; 27(2): 20. CrossRef - Factors associated with readmissions in psychiatric inpatient care: a prospective cohort study based on hospital registers
Marianna Virtanen, Laura Peutere, Mikko Härmä, Annina Ropponen
BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Workload and psychosocial risks among nurses in mental health and psychiatry in Chile
Daniela Fuentes‐Olavarría, Matías E. Rodríguez‐Rivas, Javiera Romo‐Neira
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(4): 869. CrossRef - NEAT: Nurse Effort Assessment Tool—Human Factors Considerations in Designing for Appropriate Staffing
Scott Good, Michael W. Boyce, Leigh V. Evans, Mark Sevilla
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.2024; 68(1): 1680. CrossRef - Developing nurse‐sensitive outcomes in acute inpatient mental health settings—A systematic review
Irene Ngune, Helen Myers, Amanda Cole, Peter Palamara, Robina Redknap, Michael Roche, Diane Twigg
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(17-18): 6254. CrossRef - An Exploratory Study on Current Nursing Issues in the COVID-19 era through Newspaper Articles: The Application of Text Network Analysis
Young Joo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(3): 307. CrossRef - Time to readmission in psychiatric inpatients with a therapeutic leave
Tiziana Ziltener, Julian Möller, Lukas Imfeld, Roselind Lieb, Undine E. Lang, Christian G. Huber
Journal of Psychiatric Research.2021; 144: 102. CrossRef - Physical Comorbidity According to Diagnoses and Sex among Psychiatric Inpatients in South Korea
Suin Park, Go-Un Kim, Hyunlye Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(8): 4187. CrossRef
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Structural Equation Model for Caregiving Experience of Families Providing Care for Family Members with Mental Disorders
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In Ohg Oh, Sunah Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):97-106. Published online February 27, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.97
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Abstract
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Purpose
This study was done to develop and test a structural model for caregiving experience including caregiving satisfaction and caregiving strain in families providing care for family members with a mental disorder.
Methods
The Stress-appraisal-coping model was used as the conceptual framework and the structural equation model to confirm the path that explains what and how variables affect caregiving experience in these families. In this hypothesis model, exogenous variables were optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty. The endogenous variables were self efficacy, social support, caregiving satisfaction and caregiving strain. Data were collected using structured questionnaires.
Results
Optimism and caregiving self-efficacy had significant direct and indirect effects on caregiving satisfaction. Optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty had significant direct and indirect effects on caregiving strain. The modified path model explained effects of optimism on caregiving self-efficacy with social support in the path structure as a mediator. Also, there were direct and indirect effects of optimism and uncertainty on caregiving satisfaction with social support and caregiving self-efficacy in the path structure as a mediators.
Conclusion
Results suggest the need to improve caregiving self-efficacy of these families, establish support systems such as a mental health professional support programs for caregiving self-efficacy. Optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty perceived by families need to be considered in the development of support programs in order to increase their effectiveness.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Development of the Caring Competence Scale for Family Caregivers of Persons With Mental Disorders
Won Hee Jun
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2025; 32(5): 1248. CrossRef - Experience of Mental Healthcare Services by Family Caregivers of Patients With Mental Disorders
Ja-Yeon Nam, In-Seo Son, Tae-Hoon Kim, Yoon-Young Nam
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2024; 63(1): 38. CrossRef - Influence of Gratitude and Sense of Meaning in Life on Caregiving Self-Efficacy of Family Caregivers of Persons With Mental Illness
Won Hee Jun
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2023; 45(12): 1104. CrossRef - Development of Discharge Nursing Service Model for Heart Failure Patients
Sung Hye Park, Ju Hee Lee, Yeon Soo Jang, Soo Young Han, Young Ah Kim, Eui Geum Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(2): 141. CrossRef - Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Ji-Hye Lee, Mi Sook Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(4): 479. CrossRef - Uncertainty and Nursing Needs of Parents with Pediatric Cancer Patients in Different Treatment Phases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Mijeong Park, Eunyoung E. Suh, Soo-Young Yu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(8): 4253. CrossRef - Suffering Experience of Primary Caregivers of People with Mental Disabilities in Community Dwellings
Eun Joung Choi, Hyun Mee Cho, Eun Ju Cho, Minkyung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2020; 29(3): 218. CrossRef - A Review of Trend of Nursing Theories related Caregivers in Korea
Sung Hae Kim, Yoona Choi, Ji-Hye Lee, Da-El Jang, Sanghee Kim
The Open Nursing Journal.2018; 12(1): 26. CrossRef - Effects of Family Burden, Resilience and Spiritual Well-being on the Quality of Life of Primary Caregivers of People with Mental Illness
Hyun Mee Joe, Eun Joung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017; 26(3): 226. CrossRef - Experiences of Caring for a Spouse with Schizophrenia
Gong Ju Chai, Eun Sook Nam
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(2): 133. CrossRef
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Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Anger and Functional Health of Homeless Men
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Su In Park, Sunah Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(4):361-370. Published online August 29, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.361
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation of self-efficacy in the relationship between anger and the functional health of homeless men in order to provide a basis for planning nursing interventions to improve the functional health of homeless persons.
Methods
The participants were 137 homeless men who lived in homeless shelters or visited one center serving free meals for homeless persons in Seoul. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS-WIN 20.0 program. The instruments were the Functional Health Pattern Screening Assessment Tool (FHPAST), Self-efficacy Scale (SES), and State-trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version (STAXI-K).
Results
The mean score for functional health was 2.41. Overall self-efficacy was 70.82. state anger was 16.53, trait anger was 19.54, and anger expression was 25.31. There were signigicant correlations among the 3 variables, functional health, self-efficacy, and anger. Also, self-efficacy had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between anger and functional health.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, health management programs focusing on anger management and self-efficacy improvement are highly recommended to promote functional health in homeless persons.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Factors influencing satisfaction with medical services in medically underserved populations: an analytical cross-sectional study at a free medical clinic in the Republic of Korea
Joo Hyun Kim, Yeon Jeong Heo, Jae Bok Kwak, Samil Park, Curie Ahn, So Hee Ahn, Bumjo Oh, Jung Sik Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Ho Young Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(2): 181. CrossRef - The Urban Poor Patients’ Experience of Visiting a Free Clinic
Joo Hyun Kim, Yeon Jeong Heo, Jae Bok Kwak, So Hee Ahn, Bumjo Oh, Jung Sik Lee, Ho-Young Lee
Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2023; 8(2): 137. CrossRef - Association between post‐traumatic stress symptoms and functional health among internally displaced people in Myanmar
Go‐Un Kim, Eunyoung Jung, Mi‐So Shim, Gwang Suk Kim
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 29(4): 555. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Functional Health of Patients with Chronic Insomnia based on Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms
Eun Kyoung Han, Sunah Kim, In-Young Yoon
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(2): 165. CrossRef - A Phenomenology Study of the Lived Experience of Homeless Persons
Jin Ju Kim, Eunyoung Park, Myungsun Hyun
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2017; 26(1): 88. CrossRef - Comparing anger, anger expression, life stress and social support between Korean female nursing and general university students
Won Hee Jun, Gyungjoo Lee
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(12): 2914. CrossRef - Anger expression, self‐efficacy and interpersonal competency of Korean nursing students
W.‐H. Jun
International Nursing Review.2016; 63(4): 539. CrossRef - Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Internalized Stigma and Treatment Adherence of Community Dwelling Patients with Mental Illness
Jin Hee Kim, Hyunjoo Na
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 11. CrossRef - Trait Anger, Anger Expression, Positive Thinking and Gratitude in College Students
Won-Hee Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 28. CrossRef
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666
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The Development and Effects of a Comprehensive Communication Course for Nursing Students
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Sunah Kim, Jung Hwa Park, Hyun Hwa Lee
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):412-420. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.412
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purposes of this study were to: (a) develop a comprehensive communication course combined with a group program for improving communication skills; and (b) examine the effects of the comprehensive communication course on interpersonal communication, relationship change, self-esteem, and depression in nursing students.
Method
The experimental group consisted of 82 nursing students, and the control group, 108 nursing students. Both groups each took communication courses from March to June, 2002 and 2003. A group program for improving communication skills was conducted for each 8 subgroups of the experimental group for 90 minutes once a week during the 6 weeks, while the existing communication lecture was conducted for the control group. Both groups were post-tested after the intervention for verifying the difference of variables between the two groups, and the experimental group was also pre-tested for verifying the difference between before and after the treatment.
Result & Conclusion
Interpersonal communication score of the post-test in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group and the depression score of the post-test in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group. Interpersonal communication, relationship change and self-esteem scores were significantly increased and the depression score was significantly decreased in experimental group after the treatment. In conclusion, the comprehensive communication course that was developed in this study had positive effects on communication skills in nursing students.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Communication-related Educational Needs for Optometry Students
Se-Jin Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society.2022; 27(1): 1. CrossRef - The mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social anxiety and communication ability in nursing students
Mi-Jin You, Hye-Sook Han
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(3): 298. CrossRef - Educational Needs of Communication among Nursing Students
Min Young Jung, Jeongyee Bae
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2019; 28(1): 91. CrossRef - The Effect of an Empathy Education Program on Nursing Students' Empathy Ability, Interpersonal Ability, and Caring
Jin Ok Jeong, Sue Kim
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(3): 344. CrossRef - An Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing Based Communication Training to Promote Communication Competency for Nursing Students
Hee-Jung Kim
Stress.2018; 26(4): 268. CrossRef - Effects of Communication Empowerment Program Based on Situated Learning Theory for Nursing Students
Soo Jin Kim, Boyoung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(6): 708. CrossRef - The Relationship of Communication Skill, Communication Self-Efficacy and Communication Related Educational Needs
In-Young Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(4): 2593. CrossRef - Curriculum Integration of Communication Simulation to Community Health Nursing Course for Nursing Students: Pilot Study
Yi-Kyung Ha
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(4): 2329. CrossRef - Development and Application of Integrated Nursing Practice Program preceded Role-play related to Clinical Communication Situation
Seo-Young Kang, You-Jin Lim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 3037. CrossRef - Needs and perception of medical communication course in the dental hygiene students
Da-Young Ryu, Hyun-Suk Yang, Yong-Keum Choi
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2014; 14(5): 623. CrossRef - Changes in Communication and Relationship Pattern for Undergraduate Nursing Students After 'Satir Communication Education'
Seung Joo Lim, Eun Young Park
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2013; 19(2): 151. CrossRef - Influence of Interpersonal Attitude on Communication Competence in Care Workers for Frail Elderly
Seung Joo Lim, Yeo-Jin Yi
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(2): 112. CrossRef - Nursing Activities Identified through Pediatric Nursing Simulation.
Hyun Sook Shin, Ka Ka Shim, Yu Na Lee
Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(2): 111. CrossRef - The Effectiveness of Medical Communication Skill of Medical Students, through an Emphasis on Role Play
Ho Seob Lihm, Heung Yeol Kim, Jong Soon Choi
Kosin Medical Journal.2012; 27(2): 151. CrossRef - Application and Evaluation of Small Group and Music Activity in a Communication Course
Sunah Kim, Narae Han, Jeong Hwa Park, Minjeong Kim, Hyun Lye Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(3): 307. CrossRef
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Characteristics and Mental Health of Battered Women in Shelters
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Sunah Kim, SoyaJa Kim, Kyoung A Nam, Jung Hwa Park, Hyun Hwa Lee
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(7):981-989. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.7.981
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purposes of this descriptive study were to: (a) describe the identifiable characteristics of the population of battered women; (b) examine mental health aspects by means of measuring level of anxiety, self-esteem, and depression.
Method
A convenience sample of 96 battered women was recruited from women who were admitted to a shelter.
Result & Conclusion
Data from this study supported the assertion that many battered women were exposed to severe physical abusive situations. Also the major finding was that the levels of anxiety and depression were high and the level of self-esteem was low in battered women living in shelters.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Factors Associated with Coping Behaviors of Abused Women: Findings from the 2016 Domestic Violence Survey
Youngran Han, Heejung Kim, Nawon An
Healthcare.2022; 10(4): 622. CrossRef - Women’s agency freedom through empowerment against domestic violence: Evidence from Nepal
Hee Jin Kim, Madhu Sudhan Atteraya, Ho Yeol Yoo
International Social Work.2019; 62(3): 1088. CrossRef - Prospective study on the reciprocal relationship between intimate partner violence and depression among women in Korea
Jinseok Kim, Joohee Lee
Social Science & Medicine.2013; 99: 42. CrossRef - Beliefs and Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence and Depression in Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Dwelling in the Community
Young Ran Han
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2012; 26(3): 532. CrossRef - Examining the Relationship between Domestic Violence and Depression among Koreans: The Role of Self-esteem and Social Support as Mediators
Hyemee Kim, Sang K. Kahng
Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2011; 5(3): 181. CrossRef
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513
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The Effects of Prevention Programs on Drug Use in Korean Adolescents
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Sayaja Kim, Sunah Kim, Sung Suk Kong, Myung Ah Kim, Mia Seo
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):150-160. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.150
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Abstract
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Drug abuse is one of the most serious problems among the Korean adolescents today and has been associated with delinquent behavior in adolescents. The number of adolescents who abuse drugs is increasing yearly. Solutions to the problem, however, have not been well developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a drug use prevention program which was developed by researchers. The program was a modified DARE(Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program for Korean adolescents.
MEHTODS: This study used an experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 122 middle school students who were at one middle school located in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire where 'knowledge and attitude about drug use', 'social skill', and 'self-esteem' were measured. The program had 12 sessions to improve knowledge and attitudes towards drugs, decision making skills, social resistance skills, management of stress and self-esteem of students. Teaching strategies for each session were varied : lectures, group discussion, role-playing, question-and-answer sessions and audiovisual materials. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre- and post-test scores on knowledge of and attitudes towards drug use, social skills, and self-esteem.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in knowledge and attitudes about drug use between pretest and post-test(p<.05), but no significant differences in social skill and self-esteem(p>.05).
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the drug use prevention program was not effective in promoting social-skill and self-esteem of Korean adolescents. These findings might be due to the respondents being in the period of early adolescence(puberty) and not being good at group discussion. So, further study is needed to develop a drug use prevention program appropriate to students 9 and 10 years old, and to encourage small group discussion.
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