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Strategies for expanding the role of advanced practice providers in the Korean nursing workforce: a mixed-methods approach
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Jeong Hye Kim, Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Suyoung Choi, Mimi Lee, Su Jung Choi
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):568-583. Published online November 21, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25106
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Abstract
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- Purpose
This study aimed to propose strategies for strengthening the nursing workforce by expanding their roles as advanced practice providers (APPs).
Methods A mixed-methods approach was employed, consisting of five focus group interviews (FGIs) with 30 healthcare professionals (including 10 physicians) and a two-round Delphi survey with 49 experts. The FGIs explored practical insights from clinical settings, while the Delphi process validated and prioritized strategic recommendations through expert consensus.
Results Four major themes emerged from the FGI analysis: (1) utilization of diverse APPs to ensure quality care, (2) expanding the scope of practice of APPs, (3) requirements to ensure the quality of APPs, and (4) strategies for sustainable management of the APP workforce. Building on these findings, the Delphi survey identified five strategic domains: “definition and qualifications,” “scope of practice,” “educational programs,” “credentialing and regulation,” and “support systems.” Key areas of consensus included the need for mandatory clinical experience and specialty training, legal clarification of role boundaries, standardized curricula with certification mechanisms, and institution-led support systems such as task-specific job descriptions and recredentialing processes.
Conclusion To effectively strengthen APP roles, it is essential to build on the existing advanced practice nurse (APN) framework, which already includes structured curricula and national certification. Furthermore, integrative strategies should be developed to incorporate experienced clinical nurses without APN licenses into the APN system.
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Experiences of Patients and Their Families Receiving Medical Services Provided by Advanced Practice Nurses at Tertiary General Hospitals
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Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Su Jung Choi, Ji Eun Han, Eun Kyung Kwon, Jeong Hee Park, Jeong Hye Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):594-606. Published online November 4, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24069
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Abstract
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- Purpose
This study aimed to understand and describe the experiences of patients and their families who have received medical services from advanced practice nurses in tertiary general hospitals in Korea.
Methods
Data were collected through four focus group interviews with 20 patients and their families who had received medical services from advanced practice nurses for more than six months at four tertiary hospitals from November 29 to December 28, 2023. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The four themes extracted from the experiences of patients and their families were as follows: unfamiliar medical personnel encountered during the treatment process, healthcare professionals who exhibited excellence, companions to light my way through the tunnel of illness, and an advanced practice nurse system that must be activated urgently.
Conclusion
The study’s findings indicate that patients and their families view the care provided by advanced practice nurses as excellent, reliable, and holistic. Research suggests that advanced practice nurses are valuable healthcare professionals in team-based care. The findings suggest that hospitals should utilize an advanced practice nurse system to improve patient outcomes and ensure the quality of care.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Legislation of Medical Support Tasks in the Nursing Act as a Foundation for Nursing Professionalism and Role Expansion
Su Jung Choi Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(2): 69. CrossRef - Strategies for expanding the role of advanced practice providers in the Korean nursing workforce: a mixed-methods approach
Jeong Hye Kim, Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Suyoung Choi, Mimi Lee, Su Jung Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 568. CrossRef - Nurses' Patient Care Experiences in a Changing Healthcare Environment Following One Year of Healthcare Policy Conflict - A Focus Group Interview
Eun Hee Kang, Yunhyung Kim, Jeong Hye Kim Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(3): 280. CrossRef
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Legal and Practical Solutions for the Expanding the Roles of Medical Support Staff Nurses
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Su Jung Choi, Min Young Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):300-310. Published online August 31, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24075
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Abstract
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- Purpose
Medical support staff nurses have traditionally performed various supportive tasks for physicians, often extending beyond standard nursing roles. Despite these long-standing practices, there is a notable lack of official recognition and legal protection for these expanded responsibilities, leading to increasing legal concerns. Therefore, there is a need for proposing a rational solution to address these issues. Methods The number of medical support staff nurses is rising, particularly as they fill gaps left by the 2024 resident physician strike. The study focuses on identifying potential challenges arising from this shift and developing strategic improvements to address these challenges effectively. Results This study proposed legally expanding the scope of nursing duties and creating a robust system for training and certifying nurses to handle these responsibilities effectively, by integrating these roles within the advanced practice nurse (APN) framework. Conclusion Integrating these roles within the framework of APN can offer a sustainable and legally sound solution to the ongoing healthcare crisis, ensuring patient safety and safeguarding healthcare workers’ legal rights.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Impact of role conflict and job stress on turnover intention among Korean physician assistant nurses: A cross-sectional study
Jin-Won Lee, Eun-Hi Choi, Ji-Sun Back International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Legislation of Medical Support Tasks in the Nursing Act as a Foundation for Nursing Professionalism and Role Expansion
Su Jung Choi Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(2): 69. CrossRef - Role Transformation and Adaptation of Physician Assistants during the 2024 Medical Workforce Shortage: A Phenomenological Study
Tae Yeong Yang, Nahyun Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 259. CrossRef - Effects of Role Conflict, Work Environment, and Meaning of Work on Job Embeddedness among Physician Assistants
Kwang Hoon Seo, Tae Yeong Yang, Nam Gyu Park, Jung Eun Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 249. CrossRef - Media discourse on physician assistant nurses in South Korea: a text network and topic modeling approach
Young Gyu Kwon, Daun Jeong, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Chan Woong Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(3): 388. CrossRef - Comparison of educational needs and priorities for work-related laws between hospital and community-based nurses
Jeonghyun Kim, Min Kyoung Han, Minjae Lee, Sujin Shin Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(3): 400. CrossRef - Predictors of end-of-life care among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study in Korea
Ji Seon Lee, Sook Jung Kang Australasian Emergency Care.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The Influence of Clinical Practice Nurses' Self-Leadership, Role Conflict, and Practice Environment on Patient Safety Competency
Jeong Hwa Heo, Ji Hyun Sung Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 458. CrossRef - Strategies for expanding the role of advanced practice providers in the Korean nursing workforce: a mixed-methods approach
Jeong Hye Kim, Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Suyoung Choi, Mimi Lee, Su Jung Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 568. CrossRef - Development and Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Novice Nursing Practitioner Role Transition Scale
Eun Sook Kim, Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Su Jung Choi, Onam Ok, Genehee Lee, Ahyeong Song Asian Nursing Research.2025; 19(5): 462. CrossRef - Nurses' Patient Care Experiences in a Changing Healthcare Environment Following One Year of Healthcare Policy Conflict - A Focus Group Interview
Eun Hee Kang, Yunhyung Kim, Jeong Hye Kim Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(3): 280. CrossRef
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Intention to Delegate Clinical Practice of Medical Specialists in Accordance with the Enactment of the Scope of Practice for Advanced Practice Nurses
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Min Young Kim, Su Jung Choi, Jeong Hye Kim, Cho Sun Leem, Young-ah Kang
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):39-54. Published online February 28, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22098
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Abstract
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- Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the nationwide intention to delegate clinical practice of medical specialists in accordance with the enactment of the scope of practice for advanced practice nurses (APNs). Methods Data were collected from October to December 2021 using Google Surveys. In total, 147 medical specialists from 12 provinces responded to the survey. The survey questionnaire was categorized into four legislative draft duties, according to the scope of practice (a total of 41 tasks): Twenty-nine tasks on treatments, injects, etc., performed under the guidance of a physician and other activities necessary for medical treatment (treatment domain); two tasks on collaboration and coordination; six tasks on education, counseling, and quality improvement; four regarding other necessary tasks. Participants were asked whether they were willing to delegate the tasks to APN. Results The intention to delegate tasks to APN was higher for non-invasive tasks such as blood sampling (97.3%) or simple dressing (96.6%). Invasive tasks such as endotracheal tube insertion (10.2%), sampling: bone marrow biopsy & aspiration (23.8%) showed low intention to delegate in the treatment domain. Participants who were older, male, and had more work careers with APN, showed a higher intention to delegate tasks. Conclusion To prevent confusion in the clinical setting, a clear agreement on the scope of APN practice as APN delegated by physicians should be established. Based on this study, legal practices that APN can perform legally should be established.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Strategies for expanding the role of advanced practice providers in the Korean nursing workforce: a mixed-methods approach
Jeong Hye Kim, Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Suyoung Choi, Mimi Lee, Su Jung Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 568. CrossRef - Results of Applying a Ventilator Weaning Protocol Led by an Advanced Practice Nurse for Cardiac Surgery Patients
YoungJu Eim, Su Jung Choi Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(2): 42. CrossRef - Legal and Practical Solutions for the Expanding the Roles of Medical Support Staff Nurses
Su Jung Choi, Min Young Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 300. CrossRef
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Structural Equation Modeling On Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Su Jung Choi, Keum Soon Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):81-90. Published online February 28, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.81
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Abstract
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Purpose
This study was done to test structural equation modeling of health-related quality of life (QOL) of men with obstructive sleep apnea in order to identify parameters affecting QOL and provide guidelines for interventions and strategies to improve QOL in these patients.
Methods
Model construction was based on 'The conceptual model of patient outcome in health-related QOL' by Wilson and Cleary, using the variables; age, physiological factors, social support, cognitive appraisal, symptoms and QOL. Participants were 201 adult male patients recruited at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul. Data were collected via questionnaires, polysomnography, and clinical records.
Results
Age and symptoms directly influenced QOL. Social support and cognitive appraisal about sleep did not have a direct influence on QOL, but indirectly affected it via symptoms. QOL was lower in patients who were younger and had more severe symptoms. Symptoms were more severe for patients with lower social support and more dysfunctional cognitive appraisal. When social support was lower, cognitive appraisal was more dysfunctional.
Conclusion
These results suggest it is necessary to not only manage symptoms, but also apply interventions to increase social support and cognitive appraisal about sleep in order to increase QOL in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Correlation between Sleep Disorders and Sleepy Drivers
Ki-Bong Kim, Hyun-Ho Sung, Sang-Nam Park, Bok-Jo Kim, Chang-Eun Park Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(4): 216. CrossRef
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