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				Factors Related to Persistent Postoperative Pain after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis														
			
			Jaewon Bae, Sujin Shin			
				J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):159-177.   Published online April 30, 2020			
									DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.159
							
							 
				
										
										 Abstract  PDFPurposeThis study aimed at identifying factors related to persistent postoperative pain after cardiac surgery and estimating their effect sizes.
 Methods
 The literature search and selection was conducted in four different databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and PQDT) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. For the meta-analysis, R was used to analyze 30 effect sizes of for both individual and operative factors as well as publication biases from a total of nine studies.
 Results
 The meta-analysis revealed that persistent postoperative pain after cardiac surgery was related to one individual factor (gender) and two operative factors (acute postoperative pain and use of the internal mammary artery). Operative factors (OR=5.26) had a larger effect size than individual factors (OR=1.53).
 Conclusion
 Female gender, acute pain after surgery, and use of the internal mammary artery are related factors to persistent postoperative pain. The development of interventions focusing on modifiable related factors, such as acute postoperative pain, may help to minimize or prevent PPP after cardiac surgery.
					Citations Citations to this article as recorded by   Pain-Friendly Strategies: Nursing Intervention in Postoperative Myocardial RevascularizationDebora Milena Alvarez Yañez, Gloria Carvajal Carrascal
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