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BACKGROUND: Blood pressure measurement are used by medical purposes. Most clinical staffs assume that its values are accurate and reliable irrespective of the measured position. In order to measure blood pressure exactly the cuffed upper arm and the heart should be kept at the same level. However, sometimes the blood pressure must be taken with the patient lying on his/her side. In this lateral position it is difficult to set the cuff at the heart's level. PURPOSE: This study aims at applying exact measurements of blood pressure to practical use. Blood pressure measurements taken from the four extremities (right arm, left arm, right leg and left leg) in the lateral position are compared to those taken in the right arm in the supine position.
METHODS
Thirty-one female and Thirty-two male subjects were sampled among fit students and the data were collected from May 7th, 2001 through June 7th, 2001. To begin with, the blood pressure of right arm in the supine position was measured. Then the blood pressure was measured again after 3 minutes in the subject's right lateral position.
RESULTS
The blood pressure in the left arm in the right lateral position was lower than the right arm's blood pressure in the supine position (systolic difference=15.57 mmHg, diastolic difference=10.86 mmHg).
DISCUSSION
Hydrostatic effects are the most likely cause of the drop in blood pressure of left arm in right lateral position. When blood pressure is measured in the left arm in the right lateral position, the position and site should be noted as well as the pressure may be 10mmHg or more lower than the precise blood pressure.

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• Accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure measurement at both arms in the lateral position
  Maha Mostafa, Ahmed M. Hasanin, Omnia S. Elsayed, Mamdouh M. Mostafa, Khaled Sarhan
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• Predictors of adherence to medication in older Korean patients with hypertension
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Yoga program on decreasing blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension and to suggest a yoga program effective as a nursing intervention tool to reduced blood pressure with increasing life satisfaction. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 24 elderly's essential hypertension, who practiced yoga by three times a week for 8 weeks. In order to evaluate the effect of the yoga program, blood pressure, physiological parameters (Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) and level of life satisfaction were measured before and after the training. Collected date were analyzed by SPSSWIN program. RESULT: 1) There were significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 2) There were significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides but no significant increased in HDL. 3) Blood pressure changes were time specific: Both of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced after 2weeks. 4) There was a significant increase in life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results proved that a yoga program was an effective nursing intervention to reduce blood pressure and to increased life satisfaction for elderly patients with essential hypertension.

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  Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim, Ji Sun Ha
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• The Effect of Yoga and Pilates Training on Obesity Indexes, muscle mass in each body part and Physical Fitness in Male College Students
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• Effects of yoga intervention on sleep and quality-of-life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial
  VR Hariprasad, PT Sivakumar, V Koparde, S Varambally, J Thirthalli, M Varghese, IV Basavaraddi, BN Gangadhar
  Indian Journal of Psychiatry.2013; 55(7): 364.     CrossRef
• Effects of Wear Training for Improving Vascular Compliance on Blood Pressures and Blood Lipid Profiles in Prehypertensive Subjects
  Shin-Jung Yoo, Joon-Hee Park
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• The Effects of Hypertension Self-help Program on Hypertension-related Knowledge, Self-efficacy, Self-management Compliance and Physiological Parameters in Workers
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The purpose of this study was to identify the producing process for Korean nursing knowledge as applied by Foucault's discourse analytic method. By Foucault's discourse analytic method, the problem is not what is knowledge but sort of knowledge is made up through specific level of practice. A Korean body of nursing knowledge had been discussed since 1980. At the end of 19th century, missionaries transplanted western nursing knowledge and method to Korea. Western nursing knowledge and methods have been developed continuously with both merits and demerits to Korean society. Recently our world has be come a global community via advances in transportation and correspondence. Although each person is different in skin color and shape, there is a clear line between Oriental people and Western people. Nursing science is only one in our world, but western humanistic nursing practice based on western world view and human life has limits. It is natural that the Koreans as Oriental people have a systemic nursing science to reveal the specific experiential and concrete body of nursing knowledge rooted in the Korean world view and human life. Nursing science is to understand human being, to promote health, to promote health, to restore health, to alleviate suffering and to search for principles needed throughout all of human life. In Korea, now is the quickening period to shape a Korean body of nursing knowledge because of shortage of nursing language in matters of intellectual recognition, and unfamiliar practical nursing field where there is no familiarity in the system of nursing research methodology. In reviewing articles from the Journal of the Nurses' Academic Society on Korean body of nursing knowledge, it was found that there are two common features. The first, human body and mind are inseparable that is one unit in this world and health is keeping a harmonious relationship between human body and mind. The second, Korean nursing practice is based on human nature and family ties. Accordingly discourse analysis had a good future prospect to produce a Korean body of nursing knowledge for analytic research on body and mind monism and family centered care based on human nature and family ties.

This study examined the relationship between the experience of stressful life events and somatic symptoms of urban women. Data were collected by interviewing 200 women from June to July 1, 1991. Viable data work obtained from 162 of the women. Modified version of a stressful life events measurement toll developed P.S. Lee (1984) and the Somatic Discomfort Inventory by Wittenborn were used to measure the variables. Data were processed by an S.P.S.S. program and analyzed. statistically for percentage, T-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result of the Study are as follows : 1) The group total mean score of stressful life events was 92.66+/-10.41. The higher scores in the "Test and school" of the Extrapersonal factor, in the "Health problems" of the Intrapersonal factor and "Conflict and differences within the family" of the Interpersonal factor, factors, which a suggested by Neuman's model. 2) The group total mean score for somatic symptoms was 100.41+/-9.74. The higher scores were for the factors of "Fatigue (1.94)", "Menopause(1.74)", "Muscular system (1.67)" and "Sleeping (1.67)" 3) The mean scores of stressful life events were higher in the 40~60 age group, for middle school graduates(P<.05), career women and those in nuclear families(P>.05). 4) The mean scores of somatic symptoms were higher in the 45~60 age group, for middle school graduates, non career women and women with 5 or more children(P<0.05). 5) There was a positive correlation between the scores of stressful life events and somatic symptoms(r=.585 P<.05). The higher the level of stressful life events the higher the score of somatic symptoms, the results were consistent with the Extrapersonal, Intrapersonal and Interpersonal stress factors of Neuman's Health Care Systems This research assessed the stressful life events of women, who play the most important role in the family for illness prevention and health promotion and suggested the importance of programs in the Primary Health Services to build basic coping resources.

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